清热生津的传世良方玉泉散:配伍比例、益气养阴功效及现代临床应用拓展
在快节奏的现代生活中,熬夜、饮食辛辣、压力过大、过度劳累等不良习惯,正悄悄耗损着我们身体的阴液与元气,越来越多人出现口干舌燥、心烦失眠、乏力倦怠、食欲不振等不适,这正是中医所说的“气阴两虚”的典型表现。而在众多养阴益气的中成药中,玉泉散中药颗粒凭借“养阴生津、止渴除烦、益气和中”的精准功效,成为调理气阴两虚的常用良方。它源自传统古方,历经数百年临床验证,以五味子、天花粉、甘草等多味天然药材为核心,配伍精妙、药性温和,既能缓解当下不适,又能从根源调理体质。今天,我们就从成分解析、功效机理、临床应用、用法禁忌等方面,全方位拆解这款经典中成药,带你读懂它的养生价值与正确使用方法。

一、源流溯源:从古代玉泉散到现代颗粒,传承中创新
玉泉散中药颗粒的根源,可追溯至古代经典方剂“玉泉散”,其名取自“玉泉”之意——古人将口中津液称为“金津玉液”,视其为滋养全身的宝贵物质,而这款方剂的核心使命,便是滋养阴津、生成“玉泉”,缓解身体的燥渴与虚损。
古代玉泉散的记载最早可见于宋代《仁斋直指》、明代《古今医鉴》,后经清代名医叶天士整理优化,收录于《叶天士手集秘方》,成为治疗“消渴”“气阴不足”的经典方剂。传统玉泉散多为散剂,需布袋包煎服用,操作相对繁琐,且剂量难以精准把控。随着现代制药技术的发展,科研人员在保留古方核心配伍与功效的基础上,将其制成颗粒剂,无需煎药,温水冲服即可,剂量精准、服用便捷,更契合当代人的生活节奏,这便是我们如今常见的玉泉散中药颗粒。
与古代玉泉散相比,现代玉泉散中药颗粒严格遵循“辨证施治”的中医理念,保留了养阴生津、益气和中的核心功效,同时优化了成分配比,让药性更温和、更适合长期轻调理,既延续了古方的智慧,又适配了现代人体质特点,成为连接传统中医与现代养生的重要载体。
二、玉泉散核心成分解析:七味药材,各司其职,配伍精妙
玉泉散中药颗粒的组方遵循“君臣佐使”的中医配伍原则,核心成分包含五味子、天花粉、甘草、生地黄、糯米、葛根、麦冬等,每一味药材都有其独特功效,相互配合、相辅相成,最终实现“养阴生津、止渴除烦、益气和中”的整体疗效,充分体现了中医“药少力专、配伍精准”的特点。
葛根作为方中的君药,味甘、辛,性凉,归肺、胃经,是养阴生津的核心药材。其核心功效有二:一是升阳生津,能鼓舞脾胃清阳之气上升,将水谷精微输布至肺与口舌,从根源上促进津液生成,缓解口干舌燥、烦渴多饮的症状,如同为干涸的身体“引水灌溉”;二是益气润燥,既能辅助改善气虚引起的乏力倦怠,又能缓解燥热内生导致的心烦不适。现代研究也证实,葛根中的葛根素等成分有助于改善身体代谢,对气阴不足引起的代谢异常有一定辅助调理作用。

臣药是辅助君药、增强功效的核心力量,玉泉散中药颗粒中,天花粉、生地黄、麦冬三味药材协同作用,重点发挥养阴清热、止渴除烦的功效,直击气阴两虚的核心病机。
天花粉:味甘、微苦,性微寒,归肺、胃经,核心功效是清热泻火、生津止渴。它能清除肺胃内热,缓解燥热引起的口干、咽喉不适,同时滋养肺胃阴津,补充被耗损的津液,尤其适合燥热伤津导致的烦渴多饮、口舌干燥,如同为身体“浇上一汪清泉”,快速缓解燥渴症状。
生地黄:味甘、苦,性寒,归心、肝、肾经,是滋阴养血的要药。它能深入滋养肾阴,填补阴液的根本,从源头上解决阴液不足的问题,同时清热凉血,缓解阴虚内热引起的手足心热、心烦失眠,尤其适合长期熬夜、过度劳累导致的阴液耗损。
麦冬:味甘、微苦,性微寒,归肺、胃、心经,擅长养阴生津、清心除烦。它既能滋养肺胃之阴,缓解口干、食欲不振,又能清心火、宁心神,改善因阴虚内热引起的心烦、失眠、多梦等不适,让身体恢复平和状态。
2.3 Adjuvant Ingredients: Schisandra chinensis, Glutinous Rice——Astringent and Nourishing Yin, Replenishing Qi and Harmonizing the Middle Jiao
The role of adjuvant ingredients is to assist the chief and deputy ingredients, address secondary pathogenesis, and protect the spleen and stomach to prevent excessive medicinal properties. The Schisandra chinensis and glutinous rice in Yuquan San Granules precisely fulfill the functions of astringing and nourishing yin, replenishing qi, and harmonizing the middle jiao.
Schisandra chinensis: Sour and sweet in taste, warm in nature, it acts on the lung, heart, and kidney meridians. Its core functions are to astringe and consolidate, benefit qi and generate fluids, and nourish the kidneys and calm the heart. Its sour taste helps to consolidate body fluids, preventing rapid loss of yin fluids and avoiding symptoms such as frequent urination and aggravated dry mouth. At the same time, it benefits qi and generates fluids, assisting in improving fatigue due to qi deficiency, and also calms the heart and mind, alleviating symptoms such as irritability and insomnia, thus achieving the effect of “consolidating yin fluids and stabilizing the constitution”.
Glutinous rice: Sweet in taste, warm in nature, it acts on the spleen, stomach, and lung meridians. Its functions are to benefit qi and strengthen the spleen, and nourish the lung and yin. Its mild nature replenishes the middle jiao (spleen and stomach), enhances the spleen and stomach's transportation and transformation functions, providing a basis for fluid generation. At the same time, it nourishes lung yin, assisting in alleviating dry cough and throat discomfort caused by lung dryness. Its mild nature can also neutralize the properties of cold herbs in the formula, preventing damage to the spleen and stomach, thereby achieving the effect of “benefiting qi and harmonizing the middle jiao”.
2.4 Guide Ingredient: Licorice——Harmonizing various herbs, benefiting qi and strengthening the middle jiao
Licorice, as the guide ingredient in the formula, is sweet in taste and neutral in nature, acting on the heart, lung, spleen, and stomach meridians. It is known as the “peacemaker” in traditional Chinese medicine formulas. Its core functions are twofold: first, to harmonize various herbs, as the formula contains both cold herbs like Rehmannia root and Ophiopogon japonicus, and warm herbs like Schisandra chinensis and glutinous rice. Licorice can moderate the properties of each herb, making the overall formula more balanced and preventing cold herbs from harming the spleen and warm herbs from causing dryness; second, to benefit qi and strengthen the middle jiao, assisting in enhancing the qi-replenishing effects of the formula, improving fatigue and lassitude caused by qi deficiency, and simultaneously nourishing the spleen and stomach, protecting the body's “acquired foundation”, making the overall regulatory effect of the formula more lasting and gentle.

III. Mechanism of Yuquan San: Nourishing Yin and Generating Fluids, Quenching Thirst and Relieving Irritability, Replenishing Qi and Harmonizing the Middle Jiao - Triple Regulation for Body Constitution
The three core functions of Yuquan San Granules - nourishing yin and generating fluids, quenching thirst and relieving irritability, and replenishing qi and harmonizing the middle jiao - are not isolated but interconnected and synergistic. They precisely target the core pathogenesis of “deficiency of both qi and yin, with internal generation of dryness and heat”, achieving a regulatory effect of “treating both symptoms and root causes”, thus fundamentally improving physical debility and discomfort.
3.1 Nourishing Yin and Generating Fluids: Replenishing Yin Fluids, Nourishing Zang-Fu Organs
In Traditional Chinese Medicine, “yin fluids” are the foundation for nourishing the Zang-Fu organs and maintaining normal physiological functions. When factors like staying up late, overwork, or improper diet lead to the depletion of yin fluids, symptoms such as dry mouth and tongue, dry skin, and throat discomfort may appear. Yuquan San Granules, through the synergistic action of Rehmannia root, Ophiopogon japonicus, Trichosanthes kirilowii, and other herbs, deeply nourishes the yin of the lung, stomach, and kidney, replenishing the depleted yin fluids. Simultaneously, it promotes the generation of body fluids, allowing all Zang-Fu organs to be adequately nourished, thereby fundamentally alleviating various discomforts caused by yin deficiency and achieving the effect of “nourishing yin and generating fluids”.
This yin nourishment is not “greasy and obstructing the spleen”; instead, while nourishing yin fluids, it also considers the spleen's transportation and transformation functions, preventing excessive yin nourishment from overburdening the spleen and stomach. It is suitable for people with long-term yin deficiency and a weaker constitution.
3.2 Quenching Thirst and Relieving Irritability: Clearing Deficiency Heat, Calming the Heart and Mind
When the body experiences yin fluid deficiency, “internal generation of deficiency heat” follows. Deficiency heat disturbing the heart and mind leads to symptoms such as irritability, insomnia, and anger. Deficiency heat scorching body fluids causes intense thirst, dry mouth and tongue, which cannot be relieved even by drinking large amounts of water. In Yuquan San Granules, Trichosanthes kirilowii and Rehmannia root clear deficiency heat, while Ophiopogon japonicus and Schisandra chinensis calm the heart and mind. Their synergistic action not only eliminates internal deficiency heat but also alleviates thirst and irritability caused by deficiency heat, restoring the body to a state of balance and achieving the effect of “quenching thirst and relieving irritability”.
Unlike simple heat-clearing formulas, Yuquan San Granules focuses on nourishing yin fluids while clearing deficiency heat, avoiding “clearing heat and damaging yin”. It truly achieves “clearing heat without harming the righteous qi, and nourishing yin without promoting dryness”.
3.3 Benefiting Qi and Harmonizing the Middle Jiao: Replenishing Vital Qi, Protecting the Spleen and Stomach
气阴两虚的人群,不仅阴液不足,还会伴随元气亏虚,表现为乏力倦怠、食欲不振、精神萎靡等症状;同时,阴液不足、虚热内生也会损伤脾胃功能,形成“气虚→阴虚→燥热→脾胃受损”的恶性循环。玉泉散中药颗粒中,葛根、糯米、甘草益气健脾,五味子收敛益气,协同作用既能补益身体元气,改善乏力、倦怠等气虚症状,又能顾护脾胃,增强脾胃运化功能,促进营养吸收和津液生成,实现“益气和中”的功效,打破恶性循环,从根源上调理体质。

四、玉泉散临床应用:适用人群与拓展用法,精准调理不盲目
玉泉散中药颗粒的核心功效是养阴生津、止渴除烦、益气和中,主要针对气阴两虚、燥热内生所致的各类不适,临床应用广泛,尤其适合现代人群因不良生活习惯导致的体质失调。以下详细介绍其适用人群、核心适应症及常见拓展用法,帮助大家精准判断、合理使用。
结合临床应用经验,玉泉散中药颗粒主要适合以下几类人群,对照可初步判断自身是否适用:
1. 气阴两虚体质人群:长期熬夜、过度劳累、精神压力大,出现口干舌燥、心烦失眠、乏力倦怠、食欲不振、手足心热、大便干结等症状,舌红少苔、脉细数,这类人群是玉泉散中药颗粒的核心适用人群,长期轻调理可有效改善体质;
2. 消渴症(糖尿病)辅助调理人群:中医将糖尿病归为“消渴”范畴,其中气阴两虚型消渴,表现为口干多饮、多食易饥、多尿、体重减轻、乏力倦怠,可将玉泉散中药颗粒作为辅助调理方剂,缓解不适症状,辅助调节代谢;
3. 燥热伤津人群:秋冬季节气候干燥,或长期处于空调房、饮食辛辣,出现咽喉干燥、口舌生疮、干咳少痰、心烦易怒等症状,属于燥热伤津所致,可服用本品养阴润燥、止渴除烦;
4. 术后、病后恢复期人群:大病初愈或手术后,身体元气和阴液均有耗损,表现为乏力、口干、食欲不振、精神萎靡,服用玉泉散中药颗粒可益气养阴、调理脾胃,帮助身体快速恢复。

根据临床应用,玉泉散中药颗粒的核心适应症主要有以下几类,辨证准确则疗效显著:
1. 气阴两虚证:核心症状为口干舌燥、烦渴多饮、乏力倦怠、食欲不振、心烦失眠、手足心热、大便干结、小便短黄,舌红少苔、脉细数;
2. 消渴症(辅助治疗):用于气阴两虚型2型糖尿病,缓解口干多饮、多食易饥、乏力、体重减轻等症状,可配合降糖药物使用,辅助调节血糖;
3. 燥热伤津所致的咽喉不适、口舌生疮:表现为咽喉干燥、疼痛、口舌生疮、舌红、脉数,可缓解局部不适,促进恢复;
4. 脾胃虚弱兼阴虚:表现为食欲不振、消化不良、腹胀、口干、乏力,可益气和中、养阴健脾,改善脾胃功能。

随着临床实践的不断丰富,玉泉散中药颗粒的应用范围不断拓展,经辨证加减后,还可用于以下疾病的辅助治疗:
1. 早期糖尿病肾病:气阴两虚型早期糖尿病肾病,表现为口干、乏力、蛋白尿、腰膝酸软,可服用本品养阴益气,辅助保护肾功能;
2. 慢性萎缩性胃炎:气阴两虚型慢性萎缩性胃炎,表现为胃痛、胃胀、食欲不振、口干、乏力,可益气养阴、和胃止痛,辅助改善胃部不适;
3. 更年期综合征:女性更年期,因肝肾阴虚、气血不足,出现潮热盗汗、口干心烦、失眠多梦、乏力倦怠,可服用本品养阴生津、宁心安神,辅助缓解更年期不适;
4. 慢性咽炎:阴虚燥热型慢性咽炎,表现为咽喉干燥、异物感、干咳少痰,可养阴润燥、利咽止痛,长期调理可减少复发。

中医用药讲究“辨证论治、随证加减”,玉泉散中药颗粒可根据具体症状调整配伍,增强疗效,适配不同体质:
1. 口干舌燥、烦渴明显:加玉竹、沙参,增强养阴生津、止渴的功效;
2. 心烦失眠、多梦严重:加酸枣仁、柏子仁,增强宁心安神的效果;
3. 乏力倦怠、气虚明显:加人参、黄芪,增强益气的功效,适合气虚较重的人群;
4. 大便干结严重:加玄参、当归,养阴润燥、润肠通便;
5. 咽喉疼痛、口舌生疮:加金银花、连翘,清热解毒、利咽止痛;
6. 脾胃虚弱、腹胀明显:加白术、茯苓,增强健脾和胃、祛湿的功效。

五、用法用量与禁忌:规范服用,避免误区
玉泉散中药颗粒为中成药,药性温和、服用便捷,但需严格遵循用法用量,明确禁忌人群,避免盲目服用导致不良反应,尤其不可当作普通保健品随意服用,需辨证使用。
结合市面常规剂型及临床常用剂量,玉泉散中药颗粒的标准用法用量如下:
- 规格:常规规格为每袋装5g或10g,具体以药品说明书为准;
- 用法:温开水冲服,餐前或餐后1-2小时服用均可,避免与进食间隔过近,影响药效;
- 用量:成人一次1袋,一日3-4次;儿童需在医师指导下,根据年龄、体重减量服用;
- 疗程:一般连续服用2-4周为1个疗程,症状缓解后可减量或停药,长期调理需遵医嘱,避免自行长期服用。
玉泉散相关产品链接:
以下人群禁止使用或慎用玉泉散中药颗粒,避免引发不良反应或加重病情:
1. 孕妇:本品含生地黄等寒凉药材,可能影响胎儿发育,孕妇忌服;
2. 对本品成分过敏者:对五味子、天花粉、甘草、生地黄等任一成分过敏者,服用后可能出现皮疹、瘙痒等过敏反应,禁止使用;
3. 痰湿较重者:表现为舌苔厚腻、口中黏腻、腹胀、大便黏滞不爽,本品养阴生津,可能加重痰湿症状,慎用。
1. 服用期间,饮食宜清淡,忌食辛辣、油腻、生冷、甜食,戒烟戒酒,避免熬夜、过度劳累,保持心情舒畅,减少阴液耗损,辅助药效发挥;
2. 本品为处方药,需在专业中医师辨证后使用,不可自行盲目服用,尤其不可用于非气阴两虚型人群,以免加重病情;
3. 用于糖尿病辅助调理时,不可替代降糖药物,需在医生指导下,配合降糖药、饮食控制、运动,定期复查血糖,避免血糖波动;
4. 服用后若出现腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐等胃肠道不适,或皮疹、瘙痒等过敏反应,应立即停药,并及时就医;
5. 儿童、老年人、体质虚弱者需在医师指导下服用,不可自行调整剂量;
6. 正在服用其他药物者,服用本品前需咨询医师或药师,避免药物相互作用;
7. 药品需密封,置于阴凉干燥处保存,避免潮湿、暴晒,防止药材变质。
六、治疗糖尿病养生价值与常见误区:理性看待,科学调理
玉泉散中药颗粒不仅是临床调理方剂,也具有极高的养生价值,尤其适合现代人群因不良生活习惯导致的气阴两虚体质调理,但很多人在使用过程中存在误区,需加以纠正,避免盲目服用。
1. 日常养阴益气:对于经常熬夜、加班、精神压力大的上班族,长期服用可养阴生津、益气和中,缓解口干、乏力、心烦等不适,改善体质,增强免疫力;
2. 季节养生:秋冬季节气候干燥,易出现皮肤干燥、咽喉不适、心烦等“秋燥”症状,服用本品可养阴润燥、止渴除烦,帮助身体适应季节变化;
3. 慢病辅助调理:对于气阴两虚型糖尿病、慢性咽炎、更年期综合征等慢病患者,长期轻调理可缓解不适症状,减少复发,提高生活质量;
4. 术后、病后恢复:大病初愈或手术后,身体元气与阴液耗损,服用本品可益气养阴、调理脾胃,帮助身体快速恢复,减少后遗症。
误区一:所有人都能喝,用来“补水养阴”。错!玉泉散中药颗粒仅适用于气阴两虚、燥热内生的人群,脾胃虚寒、阳虚、痰湿较重者服用后会加重病情,不可盲目服用。
误区二:可以替代降糖药,治疗糖尿病。错!本品仅能辅助调理糖尿病患者的气阴两虚症状,缓解口干、乏力等不适,不能替代降糖药,糖尿病患者需在医生指导下,配合降糖药使用,不可自行停用降糖药。
误区三:长期服用无副作用,可当作保健品天天喝。错!本品含寒凉药材,长期连续服用可能损伤脾胃阳气,导致脾胃虚寒,出现腹痛、腹泻等症状,需遵医嘱服用,症状缓解后及时停药。
误区四:服用期间无需忌口,照常吃辣、熬夜。错!辛辣食物、熬夜会进一步耗损阴液、加重虚热,抵消药效,服用期间需严格忌口、规律作息,才能保证调理效果。
误区五:口感酸甜,儿童可以随意服用。错!儿童脾胃功能尚未发育完善,本品含寒凉药材,需在医师指导下减量服用,不可自行服用,避免损伤脾胃。
七、总结:古方今用,养阴益气护健康
玉泉散是治疗消渴病(现代称糖尿病)的常用方剂,尤其适合以口渴为主症、津液不足者。方中葛根升阳生津、生津止渴,地黄滋阴润燥,石膏清热泻火,甘草调和诸药,共奏清热生津、滋阴止渴之功。
临床用于糖尿病阴虚热盛、口渴多饮、口干舌燥等症,辨证属肺胃热盛、津液亏耗者效果较好。
在快节奏的现代生活中,气阴两虚已成为很多人的“通病”,口干、心烦、乏力等不适,不仅影响生活质量,还可能诱发多种慢病。玉泉散中药颗粒的出现,为这类人群提供了一种温和、有效的调理方式,它不仅能缓解当下的不适症状,更能从根源上滋养阴液、补益元气、顾护脾胃,帮助身体恢复平衡,远离虚损困扰。
⚠️ 本文内容仅供中医养生知识参考,不构成任何医疗诊断或治疗建议。如有健康问题,请咨询注册中医师或医疗专业人士。