FlowersPhlegm-resolvingFlos Inulae

Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower)

Q: What is Xuan Fu Hua? Are Dai Zhe Shi, Ban Xia and Kuan Dong Hua the same?

Official Xuan Fu Hua (旋覆花) is the dried capitulum of Inula japonica or Inula britannica . The pharmacopoeial name is Inulae Flos . Dai Zhe Shi is bitter-cold: calms the Liver, subdues yang, heavily settles counterflow and cools Blood to stop bleeding. Ban Xia is acrid-warm and toxic: dries damp, transforms phlegm, downbears counterflow, stops vomiting, disperses focal distention and dissipates binds. Kuan Dong Hua is acrid, slightly bitter and warm: moistens the Lung, directs qi downward and stops cough. Write Xuan Fu Hua; in decoction it must be wrapped . Use caution in yin-vacuity consumptive cough.

Q: What are the TCM properties and traditional uses of Xuan Fu Hua?

According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Xuan Fu Hua is bitter, acrid, salty and slightly warm , enters the Lung, Spleen, Stomach and Large Intestine channels, and acts to direct qi downward, disperse phlegm, move water and stop vomiting . It is used for wind-cold cough, phlegm-fluid accumulation, chest and diaphragm focal distention, wheezing with copious phlegm, vomiting and belching, and hardness below the heart. Bitter-downbearing and acrid-opening, it suits phlegm-fluid with counterflow qi—not yin-vacuity consumptive cough or wind-heat dry cough.

Q: What is the usual dosage? Can it be drunk daily as an antiemetic phlegm tea?

The pharmacopoeial decoction dose is 3–9 g , wrapped. It is not a four-season “Inula antiemetic tea.” Without phlegm-fluid, downbearing only injures qi and yin. Vomiting and belching need a practitioner to name a short course; it does not replace endoscopy and cardiopulmonary assessment.

Q: How do you choose and store Xuan Fu Hua?

Choose intact golden or pale-yellow capitula that are light and easily broken, with a slightly bitter taste . Moldy, dusty or scentless lots are discarded. Store dry against moisture. Buy pharmacopoeial Xuan Fu Hua and cloth-wrap it in decoction; do not replace directing qi downward, dispersing phlegm, moving water and stopping vomiting with coltsfoot by equal weight.

A practical guide to Xuan Fu Hua: what it is, how Traditional Chinese Medicine uses it, the classical formulas it appears in, and who should be careful with it.

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Last reviewed Oct 13, 2026

Quick Facts

Latin Name	Flos Inulae
Chinese Name & Pinyin	旋覆花 · Xuan Fu Hua
Medicinal Part	Flowers
The herb	Xuan Fu Hua is the dried flower head of Inula japonica or I. britannica. Bag-decoct it. Dai Zhe Shi is a mineral. Jin Fei Cao is the stem and leaf of the same plant.
Nature and channels	Bitter, acrid, salty, slightly warm. Enters the Lung, Spleen, Stomach, and Large Intestine. Bitter saltiness directs down. Acridity moves and disperses. Slight warmth transforms phlegm-rheum.
Pharmacopoeia line	Directs qi downward. Dispels phlegm. Moves water. Stops vomiting. Used for wind-cold cough, lodged phlegm-rheum, chest fullness, wheezing cough with much sputum, vomiting and belching, and hard focal distention below the heart.
Pattern cues	Phlegm wheeze. Chest fullness. Vomiting and belching. Hard focal distention below the heart.
In this article	Xuan Fu Hua versus Dai Zhe Shi, Jin Fei Cao, and Ban Xia. Why it is bag-cooked. Why yin-deficiency cough should skip it. Who should skip it.

What Is Xuan Fu Hua?

Xuan Fu Hua (旋覆花; Xuán Fù Huā; Latin: Inulae Flos; English: inula flower) is the dried flower head of Inula japonica Thunb. or Inula britannica L. In Chinese medicine it transforms phlegm and directs qi down. It is bitter, acrid, salty, and slightly warm, enters the Lung, Spleen, Stomach, and Large Intestine channels, and its core actions are to direct qi downward, dispel phlegm, move water, and stop vomiting. In a decoction it must be bag-cooked, or the hairs irritate the throat. It is not Dai Zhe Shi. Hematite is heavy and settles rebellion. Xuan Fu Hua is lighter and still directs down; it also dispels phlegm and moves water. It is not elecampane (Inula helenium). Jin Fei Cao is the aerial part of the same plant. Directing qi down and dispelling phlegm are close, but the herb is slightly more dispersing. Yin-deficiency consumptive cough and dry cough from damaged fluids are a poor match.

It is used most often for three patterns:

Phlegm-rheum cough and wheeze — much sputum, focal fullness in the chest
Rebellious Stomach qi — vomiting, belching
Hard focal distention below the heart — this needs downbearing partners and a practitioner’s formula

The usual decoction dose is 3–9 g, bag-cooked. Bitter, acrid, salty, and slightly warm, it is not a daily “downbearing flower tea.” Directing down when there is no phlegm-rheum, or in yin-deficiency dry cough, injures fluids.

When phlegm turbidity fills the Lung, or Stomach qi rebels, phlegm wheeze, belching, and focal fullness are common. Xuan Fu Hua is bitter-downbearing and acrid-opening. It dispels, directs down, and stops vomiting, which is why it is paired with Dai Zhe Shi in Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang. It descends more than it moistens. A dry throat and a red tongue with little coating get worse if more descent is added.

Xuan Fu Hua is not a catch-all downbearing or phlegm flower. In yin-deficiency consumptive cough or Stomach-yin deficiency, using it alone can warm, dry, and injure fluids. Whether it belongs in Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang should be decided by a licensed Chinese medicine practitioner after pattern diagnosis.

Xuan Fu Hua: Materia Medica Profile

Identification & Quality Standard

Flos Inulae

Botanical Origin

The dried flower head of Inula japonica Thunb., Inula Britannica L.(Asteraceae)

Production Regions

Primarily produced in the northeastern, northern, and northwestern areas of China, as well as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Guangdong.

Quality Requirements

Superior medicinal material has large flower, golden-yellow color, white tufts, without branches and stems.

Macroscopic Features

Flat spherical or sub-spherical shape, 1~2cm diameter. involucres formed by numerous bracts, tile-like arrangement, lanceolate or strip-like bracts, grayish-yellow, 4~11mm long; base of involucres sometimes has remnants of flower petioles; the bracts and petiole surface are covered in white hairs; one row of lingulate flowers, yellow, about 1cm long, often rolled, often fall off, apex has 3 lobes; numerous tubular flowers are brownish-yellow, about 5mm long, apex has 5 teeth-lobes; ovary apex has numerous white tufts, 5~6mm long. Sometimes has a oval small achene. Light in weight, easily broken. faint odor, slightly bitter taste.

3 Authentic Origins and Quality Identification

Traditionally, the best quality herbs come from the Henan and Hebei provinces.

Visual Check: High-quality flowers are whole, golden-yellow, and free of stems or impurities.
Scent and Taste: The raw herb has a slightly bitter, spicy, and grassy smell. The honey-fried version has a darker color, softer texture, and a distinct sweet honey aroma.
Fakes to Watch For: It is sometimes confused with the Eurasian Inula, which has much larger flower heads and longer petals, though the traditional preference remains the standard Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower).

Traditional Properties & Historical Lineage

Nature, Flavour & Channel Tropism

Bitter, Acrid, Salty; Slightly warmLungSpleenStomachLarge Intestine

1. 2 Historical Herbal Records

Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing: Listed it for treating chest fullness, managing fluid retention, and pushing down rebellious energy.
Ming Yi Bie Lu: Highlighted its ability to clear thick, glue-like phlegm in the chest and manage severe fluid buildup.
Ben Cao Gang Mu: Specifically noted its powerful effect in "descending Qi, moving phlegm, and stopping vomiting and hiccups."
De Pei Ben Cao: Documented classic pairings, such as using it with Zhe Shi (Hematite) for severe hiccups/belching, or with Ban Xia (Pinellia Rhizome) for phlegm and fluid retention.

2. 3 Evolution of Pharmacological Understanding

Historically, some early doctors thought it might mildly tonify the digestion. However, over time, TCM practitioners firmly agreed that its true power lies in descending Qi and clearing phlegm.

Clinical Shift: Modern TCM uses it strictly for "excess" conditions like severe phlegm blockage or severe acid reflux/vomiting (Stomach Qi going the wrong way).
Safety Warning: Doctors realized it should not be used for people with "Yin deficiency" (those experiencing dry heat, dry mouth, or dry stools), as its drying and descending nature will make those symptoms worse.

Core Efficacies & Traditional Applications

Traditional Functions

Downbears qi, eliminates phlegm, moves water, stops vomiting. Apply to wind-cold cough, phlegm and fluid stagnation, chest fullness and distention, cough and panting with excessive phlegm, vomiting and ructation, epigastric fullness and rigidity.

1. 1 First Primary Action: Descending Qi and Resolving Phlegm

The traditional core function of Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) is to push energy downward and clear phlegm, relieving discomfort caused by phlegm blockage in the lungs.

Common Symptoms: It is primarily used for coughing with abundant, sticky white phlegm, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
Common Pairings: To boost its phlegm-clearing and Qi-regulating effects, it is frequently combined with herbs like Ban Xia (Pinellia Rhizome) and Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel).
Caution: Do not self-prescribe this herb if you have a dry cough with no phlegm (a sign of Yin-deficient dry heat) or a lung-heat cough (abundant yellow phlegm, red tongue with yellow coating). Misusing it can worsen these conditions.

2. 2 Second Primary Action: Descending Rebellious Qi and Stopping Vomiting

This herb is excellent at guiding "rebellious" stomach Qi downward, effectively calming gastrointestinal upset.

Common Symptoms: It helps relieve frequent belching, nausea, vomiting, and post-meal chest tightness or stomach bloating, which are often accompanied by rib pain.
Common Pairings: It is commonly paired with stomach-soothing herbs like Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) and Ban Xia (Pinellia Rhizome) to enhance its anti-nausea effects.
Caution: Avoid using this herb if you suffer from chronic diarrhea due to a cold and weak digestive system, or if you have symptoms of excessive stomach fire (like bad breath and constipation).

3. 3 Common Single Herb Pairing: The Herb Pair

A classic and widely used pairing is Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) and Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite).

Synergy: Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite) is a heavy mineral herb known for anchoring rebellious energy. When paired, the dispersing nature of Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) works perfectly with the heavy nature of Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite) to stop vomiting. The mineral also helps balance the slightly warm nature of the flower, preventing it from being too drying.
Use Case: This pair is highly effective for frequent belching, nausea, and stomach bloating caused by rebellious stomach Qi.
Note: Because individual conditions vary greatly, a professional practitioner must diagnose the underlying issue to adjust the ratios and add supporting herbs correctly.

Modern Research

Modern research offers useful context, but Traditional Chinese Medicine prescribes on whole-pattern diagnosis rather than isolated compounds.

1. 1 Primary Chemical Components

Modern science has found that Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) contains flavonoids (like quercetin and luteolin), terpenes, volatile oils, and polysaccharides.

Lab Tests: In test-tube studies, some of these flavonoids show antioxidant properties.
Animal Studies: When given to animals, the extracts helped reduce the thickness (viscosity) of respiratory mucus. However, there are still no large-scale human clinical trials to confirm these exact effects in people.

2. 2 Modern Pharmacological Research Directions

Currently, scientists are studying how this herb affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and how it regulates gastrointestinal motility (digestion speed). While preliminary lab tests suggest potential anti-inflammatory benefits, the exact mechanisms remain unconfirmed and are still at the basic research level.

3. 3 Limitations of Modern Research

When looking at modern studies of this herb, keep a few things in mind:

Lab vs. Real Life: Animal and cell studies do not automatically guarantee the same results in humans.
Extracts vs. Whole Herbs: Scientists often test highly concentrated, single chemicals. This is completely different from drinking a traditional, lightly boiled herbal tea.
Holistic Approach: In TCM, the healing power comes from the synergy of the whole flower, not just one isolated compound.

Comparing Similar Herbs

1. 2 Similarities with Comparable Herbs

Both Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) and Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite) share the ability to push rebellious Qi downward to calm the stomach. Both are used for digestive discomfort and require careful consideration of dosage and body constitution to avoid side effects.

2. 3 Core Differences

Nature and Properties: Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) is a slightly warm botanical herb with bitter, spicy, and salty flavors. Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite) is a cold, sweet mineral herb. Their basic temperatures are distinctly different.
Action Focus: Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) excels at clearing phlegm while calming the stomach, addressing both lung and stomach issues (like chest tightness and coughing). Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite) is a "heavy anchor" that strictly focuses on forcefully pushing stomach Qi down to stop severe nausea and endless belching, with very little effect on phlegm.
Mechanism: Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) uses its spicy nature to disperse blockages and restore the natural flow of Qi. Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite) uses its sheer physical weight to directly suppress the rebellious energy.
Target Symptoms: Choose Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) when stomach issues (nausea/belching) are paired with lung issues (cough/phlegm). Choose Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite) for severe, isolated stomach rebellion (intense vomiting/belching) without obvious phlegm.
Contraindications: Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) should be avoided by those with dry heat or lung-heat coughs. Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite) must be avoided by individuals with chronic diarrhea or a cold, weak digestive system.

3. 4 One-Sentence Summary

Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) balances descending Qi and clearing phlegm for both the lungs and stomach, whereas Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite) relies on its heavy mineral weight to forcefully anchor severe stomach rebellion; they are not interchangeable.

Classical Formulas Containing Xuan Fu Hua

Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang

旋覆代赭湯

Formula CategoryPhlegm-Resolving FormulasPrimary PatternQi StagnationPrimary FunctionDescend rebellious Qi, transform phlegm, benefit the StomachRelated ConditionsNausea·Bloating·Stomach Discomfort·Acid Reflux

View Formula Profile Read Complete Guide

Formulas vs. Single Herbs

Synergy is Key: A formula is a balanced team. The healing power comes from how the herbs interact, so a single herb cannot simply replicate a full formula's effects.
Holistic Balance: The exact dosage and combination in a formula affect the entire body. Never try to mix or alter these formulas at home based on internet articles.

Diet & Daily Home Use

1. 1 Home Tea or Dietary Application

Example 1: Xuan Fu Hua and Chen Pi Tea
- Ingredients: 3g Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower), 2g Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel).
- Method: Place both herbs in a tea bag and steep in boiling water for 10 minutes.
- Use Case: Excellent for autumn and winter chest tightness, phlegm, and post-meal belching.
- Caution: Do not use if you have a Yin-deficient dry cough (no phlegm) or lung heat. Limit to 2–3 times a week (1 cup per time) and avoid long-term use.
Example 2: Xuan Fu Hua and Sheng Jiang Congee
- Ingredients: 5g Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower), 3 slices of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), 50g rice.
- Method: Wrap the flower in a fine gauze bag. Boil the flower and ginger for 20 minutes, remove the herbs, and use the herbal liquid to cook the rice into congee.
- Use Case: Soothes a cold, weak digestive system, relieving nausea, vomiting, and stomach bloating.
- Caution: Avoid if you have stomach fire or constipation. Limit to 1–2 times a week.
Note: Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) is a medicinal herb, not a standard daily grocery item. Always use it under professional guidance.

2. 2 Preparation Differences

Raw vs. Honey-Fried: Raw Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) is better for pushing down Qi and clearing stubborn phlegm. The honey-fried version is milder and better suited for soothing the stomach to stop vomiting.
Crucial Brewing Step (Bagging): You must wrap this herb in a fine gauze or cloth bag before boiling. The flowers have tiny hairs that will float in the liquid; if swallowed, they can severely irritate your throat and cause coughing.
Home Brewing: Bag the herb, soak for 30 minutes, bring to a boil on high heat, then simmer on low heat for 20 to 30 minutes.
Form Differences: A 10g dose of the raw herb does not directly equal 10g of a concentrated extract or capsule. Always follow specific product instructions.

3. 3 Dosage and Usage Cycle

Dosage: Standard clinical doses usually range from 5 to 10g. For home dietary use, keep the dose lower, around 3 to 5g.
Usage Cycle: Do not use this herb continuously. If your symptoms do not improve within 3 to 5 days, stop using it and consult a doctor.
Special Groups: Pregnant women, children, and the elderly should never self-prescribe. They must consult a professional for safe dosage adjustments.

Contraindications & Safety Warnings

1. 1 Not Suitable For

Yin Deficiency and Dry Heat: If you suffer from a dry cough without phlegm, dry mouth, or dry stools (constipation), this herb will worsen your symptoms due to its warm, drying nature.
Allergies: Do not use if you are allergic to plants in the Asteraceae (daisy) family.
Vulnerable Groups: Pregnant and nursing women, young children, and the elderly should only use this herb under strict medical supervision.
Liver/Kidney Issues: Since the body needs to metabolize the herb, consult a doctor if you have impaired liver or kidney function to avoid adding unnecessary stress to these organs.

2. 2 Drug Interactions and Dietary Notes

Medication Interactions: Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) may interfere with the absorption or effects of Western medications, including blood thinners, blood pressure medications, blood sugar drugs, and sedatives. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist before combining them.
Dietary Note: While there is no strong evidence of general "food clashes," it is always best to consult a healthcare professional before mixing herbal remedies with your daily medications to ensure safety.

3. 3 Adverse Reactions and Risks

Side Effects: Improper use or incorrect dosage can cause gastrointestinal upset (such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea) or allergic reactions (like skin rashes and itching).
When to Seek Immediate Help: If you experience severe discomfort, continuous vomiting, difficulty breathing, allergic reactions, or a rapid worsening of symptoms, stop using the herb immediately and seek emergency medical care.

Frequently Asked Questions About Xuan Fu Hua

What is Xuan Fu Hua? Are Dai Zhe Shi, Ban Xia and Kuan Dong Hua the same?

Official Xuan Fu Hua (旋覆花) is the dried capitulum of Inula japonica or Inula britannica. The pharmacopoeial name is Inulae Flos. Dai Zhe Shi is bitter-cold: calms the Liver, subdues yang, heavily settles counterflow and cools Blood to stop bleeding. Ban Xia is acrid-warm and toxic: dries damp, transforms phlegm, downbears counterflow, stops vomiting, disperses focal distention and dissipates binds. Kuan Dong Hua is acrid, slightly bitter and warm: moistens the Lung, directs qi downward and stops cough. Write Xuan Fu Hua; in decoction it must be wrapped. Use caution in yin-vacuity consumptive cough.

What are the TCM properties and traditional uses of Xuan Fu Hua?

According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Xuan Fu Hua is bitter, acrid, salty and slightly warm, enters the Lung, Spleen, Stomach and Large Intestine channels, and acts to direct qi downward, disperse phlegm, move water and stop vomiting. It is used for wind-cold cough, phlegm-fluid accumulation, chest and diaphragm focal distention, wheezing with copious phlegm, vomiting and belching, and hardness below the heart. Bitter-downbearing and acrid-opening, it suits phlegm-fluid with counterflow qi—not yin-vacuity consumptive cough or wind-heat dry cough.

Why must Xuan Fu Hua be wrapped? Can honey-fried flower or coltsfoot replace it?

The capitulum has fine hairs; unwrapped decoction easily irritates the throat, causing itch, choking cough and vomiting, so it must be cloth-wrapped. Honey-frying eases the nature and reduces hair irritation. Coltsfoot moistens the Lung and stops cough; it cannot replace directing qi downward and stopping vomiting by equal weight. Jin Fei Cao is the aerial part, similar in action, and should not casually replace the flower by equal weight.

What is the usual dosage? Can it be drunk daily as an antiemetic phlegm tea?

The pharmacopoeial decoction dose is 3–9 g, wrapped. It is not a four-season “Inula antiemetic tea.” Without phlegm-fluid, downbearing only injures qi and yin. Vomiting and belching need a practitioner to name a short course; it does not replace endoscopy and cardiopulmonary assessment.

What are the contraindications? Can it be used in pregnancy?

Avoid in yin-vacuity consumptive cough and wind-heat dry cough. Pregnancy needs a practitioner’s assessment; a downbearing herb is not a calm-fetus herb. Stop if throat itch and choking cough appear, and check whether it was wrapped. Vomiting of blood and dyspnea are emergencies.

Can Xuan Fu Hua direct qi downward, disperse phlegm, move water and stop vomiting?

It can help phlegm-fluid with counterflow qi. Belching, vomiting and hardness below the heart join hematite, Pinellia, fresh ginger and ginseng in Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang. Wind-cold phlegm cough appears in Jin Fei Cao San. It directs qi downward, disperses phlegm, moves water and stops vomiting—not a specific for every reflux or every cough.

Can Xuan Fu Hua be drunk daily as a cough, antiemetic or anti-focal-distention tea?

Phlegm-fluid wheezing and belching may enter a short formula; yin vacuity only grows drier as it downbears. “Inula must stop reflux” does not replace digestive and respiratory assessment. Directing qi downward, dispersing phlegm, moving water and stopping vomiting should name 3–9 g wrapped.

How do you choose among Xuan Fu Hua, Dai Zhe Shi, Ban Xia, Kuan Dong Hua and Pi Pa Ye?

Inula flower is bitter-acrid-salty and slightly warm: directs qi downward, disperses phlegm, moves water and stops vomiting—phlegm-fluid counterflow and belching. Hematite is bitter-cold and heavy: calms the Liver, subdues yang, heavily settles counterflow and cools Blood. Pinellia is acrid-warm and toxic: dries damp, transforms phlegm, downbears counterflow and stops vomiting. Coltsfoot is acrid, slightly bitter and warm: moistens the Lung, directs qi downward and stops cough—cold cough. Loquat leaf is bitter and slightly cold: clears the Lung, stops cough and downbears counterflow—Lung heat. Belching with focal distention favors Xuan Fu Hua with Dai Zhe Shi (Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang); damp-phlegm vomiting favors Ban Xia; cold cough favors Kuan Dong Hua; Lung-heat cough favors Pi Pa Ye. They may be paired; yin-vacuity dry cough forbids large Xuan Fu Hua and Ban Xia.

Which herbs is Xuan Fu Hua combined with? What are the representative formulas?

Belching and vomiting join hematite, Pinellia, fresh ginger, ginseng, Licorice and jujube in Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang. Wind-cold phlegm cough appears in Jin Fei Cao San. Write Xuan Fu Hua 3–9 g, wrapped.

How do you choose and store Xuan Fu Hua?

Choose intact golden or pale-yellow capitula that are light and easily broken, with a slightly bitter taste. Moldy, dusty or scentless lots are discarded. Store dry against moisture. Buy pharmacopoeial Xuan Fu Hua and cloth-wrap it in decoction; do not replace directing qi downward, dispersing phlegm, moving water and stopping vomiting with coltsfoot by equal weight.

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Medical Disclaimer — This article is provided for educational purposes only and describes traditional Chinese medicine concepts. It is not medical advice, and it is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using any herb, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication or managing a diagnosed condition.