Heat-Clearing Formulas

洗肝明目散 · Xǐ Gān Míng Mù Sǎn

Xi Gan Ming Mu San

A liver-clearing formula for red, painful, or dim eyes from liver heat.

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Last reviewed October 2026

Formula CategoryHeat-Clearing Formulas

Primary PatternLiver Fire

Primary FunctionClear the liver, brighten the eyes

Primary Therapeutic PrincipleClear the liver and brighten the eyes

Main HerbsGentian Root · Gardenia Fruit · Scutellaria / Baikal Skullcap · Chrysanthemum Flower · Sickle Senna Seed · Raw Rehmannia Root · Chinese Angelica Root · Chuanxiong Rhizome

Classical SourceLater ophthalmology formula

Why This Formula?

Selected for liver-heat red or painful eyes rather than kidney-yin dim vision.

Overview

What Is Xi Gan Ming Mu San?

1. Where the Formula Comes From

Xi Gan Ming Mu San (洗肝明目散), or Wash-the-Liver Brighten-the-Eyes Powder, is an eye-care classical formula first recorded in the Song-dynasty collection Sheng Ji Zong Lu (General Records of Holy Relief), in the section on dim vision from liver deficiency. It belongs to the category of formulas that clear liver heat, nourish liver blood, and brighten the eyes.

The formula targets the pattern of liver yin-blood deficiency with internal heat, qi stagnation, and wind-heat rising to the head. Typical signs include dry, tired, aching eyes, redness with bloodshot vessels, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and tearing — worse after long screen use. It is widely used for eye fatigue, chronic conjunctivitis, dry eye, and childhood "gan-accumulation" eye problems.

In the Song, the formula was relatively simple, built on a "nourish and clear together, while scattering the pathogen" idea, serving the era's practice of treating eye disease through the liver. In the Jin-Yuan period, Li Dongyuan taught that "internal injury of the spleen-stomach gives rise to all diseases," and eye problems too were tied to disharmony between the spleen-stomach and the liver; because this formula was gentle, Li and his students extended it to dim, dry eyes from "spleen deficiency with the liver overrunning it," and the adjustments went into the Lan Shi Mi Cang — adding a spleen-toning layer to what was once a liver-heat formula. In the Ming-Qing period the eye specialty grew: the Ming Shen Shi Yao Han grouped it under the "liver-washing decoction" family and defined its action as "clear the liver, nourish the kidney, scatter wind, brighten the eyes," and the Qing Yi Zong Jin Jian took it into the ophthalmology essentials, spelling out its use for children whose "gan-accumulation" hurt the liver and caused corneal clouding and red eyes — widening it from adults to children. Nearly a thousand years on, it remains a classic example of "an old formula, newly used."

2. Common Eye Conditions

Eye fatigue (asthenopia): the modern screen syndrome — dry, tired, aching eyes, sometimes with headache. A textbook "liver deficiency with internal heat and qi stagnation"; 1–2 weeks of the formula usually gives clear relief, without marked side effects.
Chronic conjunctivitis: long-standing slight bloodshot vessels and dryness without purulent discharge, responding poorly to antibiotic drops. The formula clears liver heat, nourishes the liver yin, improves the eye's micro-environment, and calms the inflammation.
Dry eye (the non-tear-gland kind): when dryness comes from overuse and liver-blood deficiency rather than impaired tear secretion, it replenishes the liver blood and supports tear production.
Childhood gan-accumulation eyes: picky eaters and poor digestion can lead to gan-accumulation that shows as dry, unclear eyes; the formula regulates the spleen-stomach, nourishes the liver, and brightens the eyes, while helping the gan-accumulation itself.

3. Beyond the Eyes

Migraine: the temple/orbit type tied to mood and eye strain — liver-qi stagnation with liver-heat rising. The formula soothes the qi and clears the heat, easing the headache.
Mood-linked irritability and insomnia: the liver opens to the eyes, so tired eyes disturb the mood, and a bad mood disturbs the liver — the formula works through the liver to steady emotion and sleep.
Mild high blood lipids: some research links liver-blood deficiency and qi stagnation to sluggish blood flow and mild lipid rise; Chuan Xiong and Dang Gui move blood and qi, supporting healthier circulation and, as an aid, lipid regulation.

How It Works

Herb Composition (Sovereign / Minister / Assistant / Envoy)

1. The Lord and Minister Herbs

The traditional formula usually has eight herbs; the lords are Dang Gui and Sheng Di Huang:

Dang Gui (Chinese Angelica) — warm, sweet-pungent; enters the liver, heart, and spleen. It "builds the blood and nourishes the liver": the liver stores blood, and only with sufficient liver blood can the eye be nourished — like a tree needing water at its roots. Dang Gui is the water for the liver.
Sheng Di Huang (Raw Rehmannia) — cold, sweet-bitter; enters the liver and kidney. It "clears heat, cools the blood, and nourishes the yin": liver heat burns the fluids, and Sheng Di Huang clears that heat while replacing the yin it consumed, keeping the liver from running "dry."

Together the lords do both halves of the job — build liver blood and clear/nourish against heat. The ministers are Ju Hua, Bo He, and Chuan Xiong:

Ju Hua (Chrysanthemum) — slightly cold, sweet-bitter; enters the lung and liver; the best-known eye herb. It scatters wind from the liver channels, clears liver heat, and gently moistens the channels — good for dry, blurred eyes.
Bo He (Mint) — cool, pungent; scatters wind-heat from the upper burner, "blowing" the liver heat outward.
Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum) — warm, pungent; enters the liver and gallbladder; "moves blood and qi and stops wind-pain." Stagnant liver qi makes the eyes ache and vision blur; Chuan Xiong opens the stagnation and eases the ache.

These three match the directions "clear, scatter, free," helping the lords handle the liver's heat, wind, and stagnation.

2. The Assistant and Courier Herbs

Zhi Zi (Gardenia) and Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia) assist. Zhi Zi — cold, bitter; clears fire and drains damp — gives the liver's heat an exit through the urine so it doesn't rush up to the eye. Fang Feng — slightly warm, sweet-pungent; the classic wind-dispelling, damp-drying herb — scatters wind from the body surface and the liver channels ("wind easily attacks the head and eyes"), and its mild warmth also keeps the cooling herbs from chilling the spleen-stomach.

Gan Cao (Licorice) is the courier: neutral, sweet; it "harmonizes all the herbs" and builds the spleen-qi, acting as the formula's buffer and binder — it lets everything work together and shields the digestion from the cold, wind-scattering herbs, keeping the formula gentle.

Symptoms Traditionally Associated

Clinical Presentation in TCM

1. The Root Problem It Treats

Eye disease in TCM is closely tied to the liver, and this formula answers a common deficiency-excess-mixed pattern — liver deficiency with internal heat, qi stagnation, and wind-heat rising:

Liver deficiency — not yang deficiency but yin-blood deficiency: like dry soil, the eye loses its nourishment.
Internal heat — with too little yin-blood to restrain it, the liver yang runs high and generates heat.
Qi stagnation — the liver's qi fails to move freely, so qi and blood can't rise properly to the eye; hence the ache, pressure, and blur.
Wind-heat rising — outside wind or inner heat rides the liver channel up to the eye, causing redness, dryness, and a gritty feeling.

This pattern is common in long-screen users — students and office workers who drain liver blood staring at phones and computers, then add emotional pressure and irregular routines that knot the liver qi, and the eye trouble follows.

2. What It Does and the Symptoms It Serves

Its core action is "clear liver heat, nourish blood to brighten the eyes, and soothe the liver qi" — three linked moves: clearing the heat inside the liver, replenishing the liver's yin-blood, and freeing the liver's qi. When the liver works normally, the eyes grow bright. It is used mainly for:

Dry, tired eyes — worse after long use; blurred vision that rest doesn't fully clear.
Red eyes with bloodshot vessels, sometimes with a mild burning feeling.
Aching, pressured eyes — pain around the eye socket or temples, worse with a bad mood.
Light sensitivity and tearing, or a little morning discharge (not the heavy purulent kind).
Mild benefit for slight corneal clouding from liver deficiency, and dim vision in children with gan-accumulation.

Formula Analysis

The Mechanism in Classical Theory

1. Nourish and Clear Together, for a Mixed Deficiency-Excess

Its most marked feature is "nourish and clear together," aimed at the deficiency-excess-mixed eye disease so common. Many people with eye trouble only take cold, clearing herbs and end up further draining the liver's yin-blood — making the eyes worse. This formula instead pairs Dang Gui and Sheng Di Huang (build liver blood, nourish liver yin — treating the deficiency at its root) with Ju Hua and Zhi Zi (clear liver heat, scatter the pathogen — treating the rising heat). That "clear within the nourish, nourish within the clear" matches the classic "treat branch and root together" principle: no harming the liver by over-clearing, no trapping the pathogen by over-toning. For anyone needing long-term eye improvement, it fits.

2. Scatter and Free, to Sort Out the Qi

Beneath the nourish-clear layering sits a "scatter and free" strategy: Bo He and Fang Feng scatter the wind of the liver channels, Chuan Xiong frees the liver's qi. Once the wind is scattered and the qi flows, the blood you've replenished and the heat you've cleared can actually reach the eye — like dredging a river so the water upstream can reach the fields downstream. These three are the dredging crew: they make sure the formula's effect isn't stuck in the body but travels to the eye, which is what "brighten" really means.

3. Harmonize All, and Mind the Spleen-Stomach

TCM says "liver wood overacts on spleen earth" — a disordered liver easily troubles the digestion, and a patient whose stomach can't absorb medicine or food won't recover well. Gan Cao harmonizes the herbs and supports the spleen-stomach, so the cooling and wind-scattering herbs don't chill the digestion. The result is a gentle formula suited to long-term use — practical for the person with both weak digestion and eye problems.

How This Formula Compares

Clinical Comparison Table

Compare	Xi Gan Ming Mu San	Qi Ju Di Huang Wan	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang	Zi Shen Ming Mu Tang
Primary Function	Clear the liver, brighten the eyes	Nourish Liver-Kidney Yin, brighten the eyes	Clear Liver Fire, drain Damp-Heat	Nourish kidney yin, brighten the eyes
Formula Category	Heat-Clearing Formulas	Yin-Tonifying Formulas	Heat-Clearing Formulas	Yin-Tonifying Formulas
Typical TCM Pattern	Liver Fire	Kidney Yin Deficiency	Liver Fire	Kidney Yin Deficiency
Main Conditions	Eye Dryness, Eye Fatigue, Bitter Taste in Mouth, Headache	Dizziness & Vertigo, Eye Dryness, Tinnitus, Night Sweats, Fatigue & Low Energy	Bitter Taste in Mouth, Liver Qi Stagnation, Damp-Heat Constitution	Eye Dryness, Eye Fatigue, Dizziness & Vertigo, Tinnitus, Yin Deficiency Constitution
Main Herbs	Gentian Root · Gardenia Fruit · Scutellaria / Baikal Skullcap · Chrysanthemum Flower · Sickle Senna Seed · Raw Rehmannia Root · Chinese Angelica Root · Chuanxiong Rhizome	Prepared Rehmannia Root · Cornus Fruit · Chinese Yam · Alisma Rhizome · Moutan Bark / Tree Peony Bark · Poria / Hoelen · Goji Berry / Lycium Fruit · Chrysanthemum Flower	Gentian Root · Scutellaria / Baikal Skullcap · Gardenia Fruit · Alisma Rhizome · Akebia Stem · Plantago Seed · Chinese Angelica Root · Raw Rehmannia Root · Bupleurum Root · Licorice Root	Prepared Rehmannia Root · Goji Berry / Lycium Fruit · Chrysanthemum Flower · Chinese Yam · Cornus Fruit · Alisma Rhizome · Moutan Bark / Tree Peony Bark · Poria / Hoelen
Classical Source	Later ophthalmology formula	Derived from Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Yi Fang Ji Jie / later traditional sources)	Yi Fang Ji Jie (Analytic Collection of Medical Formulas, Wang Ang, Qing dynasty)	Later ophthalmology formula

How to tell them apart

Xi Gan Ming Mu San, Qi Ju Di Huang Wan and Long Dan Xie Gan Tang address the eyes or liver. Qi Ju Di Huang Wan nourishes kidney yin. Long Dan Xie Gan Tang drains liver damp-heat. This formula clears liver heat for the eyes.

For educational reference only, based on traditional pattern differentiation — not a substitute for professional advice.

Clinical Modifications

Clinical Modifications for Xi Gan Ming Mu San

1. Adjusting by Symptom

Marked dryness and blur (heavier liver-blood deficiency): raise Dang Gui and Sheng Di Huang, add Gou Qi Zi 10 g — strengthen the blood-nourishing, eye-brightening action.
Marked ache, worse with mood (heavier qi stagnation): raise Chuan Xiong, add Chai Hu 10 g — strengthen the liver-qi-soothing action.
Many bloodshot vessels, slight burning (heavier liver heat): raise Ju Hua and Zhi Zi, add Huang Qin 10 g — strengthen the heat-clearing.
Marked wind sensitivity and tearing: raise Fang Feng, add Jing Jie 10 g — strengthen the wind-scattering.
Weak digestion, poor appetite: cut Zhi Zi and Bo He, add Bai Zhu 15 g and Fu Ling 10 g — build the spleen-qi so the herbs don't chill the stomach.

2. Adjusting by Person

Children: their spleens are tender ("the liver often full, the spleen often insufficient"), so cut the doses and reduce Zhi Zi and Bo He, adding Shan Yao 10 g to support the digestion.
Older adults: liver-kidney yin deficiency is more marked — raise Sheng Di Huang, add Gou Qi Zi 10 g and Zhi He Shou Wu 10 g to nourish the liver-kidney, while cutting Chuan Xiong and Bo He (their pungent scatter can over-drain).
Pregnancy: the mother's liver blood goes to the fetus, so avoid over-pungent and over-cold herbs — reduce Zhi Zi, Bo He, and Chuan Xiong, lean on Dang Gui, Sheng Di Huang, and Ju Hua, and use only under a doctor.

Modern Research

What the Science Suggests

1. What the Individual Herbs Show

Dang Gui — ferulic acid improves ocular circulation and nutrition, easing fatigue.
Sheng Di Huang — catalpol nourishes the yin, clears heat, and calms ocular inflammation.
Ju Hua — flavonoids are antioxidant and anti-fatigue, protecting retinal cells and reducing screen-light damage.
Bo He — menthol stimulates ocular nerve endings, relieving dryness and fatigue.
Chuan Xiong — ligustrazine widens ocular vessels, improves circulation, and eases eye ache.
Zhi Zi — geniposide clears fire and reduces redness and swelling.
Fang Feng — volatile oils scatter wind and calm ocular allergy-type reactions.
Gan Cao — glycyrrhizin harmonizes the formula and is anti-inflammatory and antiviral.

2. The Formula as a Whole

Whole-formula studies point to three main effects: improved ocular microcirculation (more ocular blood flow and tear secretion — clear help for dry eye and asthenopia); antioxidant and anti-fatigue action (scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage to retinal cells from prolonged screen use); and better liver function (improved hepatic metabolism and detoxification, which indirectly feeds the eye — the TCM liver-eye link mirrored in modern hepatology). Some early research also suggests it may slow early mild cataract and vitreous opacity, but those findings are still being refined and need more clinical data.

3. Newer Uses

Beyond the eye, modern work explores the formula as an aid in liver-related conditions: fatty liver (the herbs improve hepatic circulation and metabolism, helping mild cases); chronic fatigue syndrome (many patients have eye fatigue and irritability matching the "liver-qi stagnation with liver deficiency and heat" pattern, and the formula improves overall fatigue); and mild anxiety (by regulating the liver it steadies mood). These uses need more clinical verification and don't replace dedicated treatment.

Safety

Safety Considerations

1. Who Should Avoid It

It suits chronic, mixed deficiency-excess eye problems — screen fatigue and dryness without violent acute redness and pain. Avoid it in:

Acute eye disease — violent redness, swelling, pain, or purulent conjunctivitis needs strong cooling; this formula is too gentle, won't help, and can delay treatment.
Spleen-stomach cold — people who often have stomach pain, diarrhea, or discomfort from cold food: Zhi Zi and Sheng Di Huang are cold and would worsen it.
Pregnancy — not an absolute ban, but strictly doctor-guided, to protect the fetus.
Serious liver damage (cirrhosis, acute hepatitis) — treat the liver first; don't self-treat with this formula.

2. While Taking It

Don't keep staring at screens — medicine without eye-hygiene changes loses most of its effect.
Avoid spicy, greasy, and cold food — they disturb the digestion, worsen liver heat, and cut the effect.
If symptoms don't improve after 1–2 weeks, or the eyes hurt more or vision drops, see a doctor promptly to rule out glaucoma and retinal disease.
Don't stack it with other eye tonics of similar action (Qi Ju Di Huang Wan, Long Dan Xie Gan Wan) — overlapping effects invite side effects.
Children and the elderly: follow the doctor's doses strictly; don't raise them on your own.

FAQ

Questions About Xi Gan Ming Mu San

Q1: What is Xi Gan Ming Mu San? Are Long Dan Xie Gan Tang and Qi Ju Di Huang Wan the same?

Xi Gan Ming Mu San (洗肝明目散) is a classic formula from the Wan Mi Zhai Yi Xue Quan Shu, centered on clearing heat, dispelling wind and brightening the eyes for wind-heat attacking the eyes with redness, swelling and pain. Long Dan Xie Gan Tang clears the Liver and drains fire, leaning to Liver fire flaring upward. Qi Ju Di Huang Wan nourishes yin and brightens the eyes, leaning to Liver-Kidney yin deficiency. The three cannot be interchanged by equal weight. Write Xi Gan Ming Mu San. Use caution in yin deficiency and Spleen-Stomach vacuity cold.

Q2: What is the composition and traditional use of Xi Gan Ming Mu San?

Classic composition: Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong, Qiang Huo, Fang Feng, Shan Zhi Ren, Long Dan Cao, Chai Hu, Mu Zei, Mi Meng Hua in equal parts. It acts to clear heat, dispel wind and brighten the eyes. It is used for wind-heat attacking the eyes with redness, swelling and pain, suitable for eye diseases after pox. Dang Gui and Chuan Xiong nourish blood; Qiang Huo and Fang Feng dispel wind; Shan Zhi, Long Dan and Chai Hu clear the Liver; Mu Zei and Mi Meng Hua brighten the eyes.

Q3: How do you choose raw versus prepared? Can Long Dan Xie Gan Tang replace it?

Long Dan Cao is raw; Mi Meng Hua is used. Long Dan Xie Gan Tang leans to heavy fire-draining without heavy wind-dispelling and eye-brightening; it cannot replace the formula by equal weight. Commercial products follow regulated compounding; do not self-modify.

Q4: What is the usual dosage? Can it be drunk daily as an eye-brightening tea?

Ancient use was finely chopped powder, one qian per dose taken with light sugar water. Modern use adjusts proportions; common as powder or decoction, with dose named by a practitioner. It is not a four-season “Liver-washing Eye-brightening tea.” Yin deficiency and Spleen-Stomach vacuity cold only injure further. Red eyes need a practitioner to name a short course; it does not replace assessment.

Q5: What are the contraindications? Can it be used in pregnancy?

Yin deficiency, Spleen-Stomach vacuity cold and pregnancy require practitioner assessment. Stop if loose stool or fatigue appears. Severe red eyes with pain or sudden vision loss need immediate medical care.

Q6: Can Xi Gan Ming Mu San clear heat, dispel wind and brighten the eyes?

It can help redness, swelling and pain of the eyes from wind-heat attack. It clears heat, dispels wind and brightens the eyes—not a specific for every red eye or every vision decline.

Q7: Can Xi Gan Ming Mu San be drunk daily as a heat-clearing, wind-dispelling or eye-brightening tea?

Wind-heat red eyes may enter a short formula; yin deficiency and Spleen-Stomach vacuity cold only injure further. “Buddleia must brighten the eyes” does not replace ophthalmological assessment. Clearing heat, dispelling wind and brightening the eyes should be named by a practitioner with form and dose.

Q8: How do you choose among Xi Gan Ming Mu San, Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Qi Ju Di Huang Wan, Ming Mu Di Huang Wan and Ju Hua Cha Tiao San?

Xi Gan Ming Mu San clears heat and dispels wind while brightening the eyes, containing Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong, Qiang Huo, Fang Feng, Long Dan, Mi Meng Hua and others, leaning to wind-heat attacking the eyes. Long Dan Xie Gan Tang clears the Liver and drains fire, leaning to Liver fire flaring upward. Qi Ju Di Huang Wan nourishes yin and brightens the eyes, leaning to Liver-Kidney yin deficiency. Ming Mu Di Huang Wan nourishes yin and brightens the eyes, leaning to Liver-Kidney yin deficiency eye diseases. Ju Hua Cha Tiao San dispels wind and stops pain, leaning to wind-heat headache. Wind-heat red eyes favor Xi Gan Ming Mu San; Liver fire favors Long Dan Xie Gan; yin deficiency favors Qi Ju or Ming Mu Di Huang; headache favors Ju Hua Cha Tiao. They may be referenced after pattern differentiation; yin deficiency forbids large Xi Gan Ming Mu San.

Q9: How is Xi Gan Ming Mu San commonly modified? What is the representative use?

The original already contains clearing heat, dispelling wind and brightening the eyes. Marked heat may increase Long Dan and Zhi Zi; marked swelling may add Chi Shao. Write Xi Gan Ming Mu San; do not replace the eye-brightening action with an equal weight of Long Dan Xie Gan Tang.

Q10: How do you choose and store Xi Gan Ming Mu San?

Choose regulated Chinese patent medicines or classically compounded powders that list the composition. Moldy, damp, or abnormal-smelling lots are discarded. Store cool and dry. Buy “Xi Gan Ming Mu San”; do not replace clearing heat, dispelling wind and brightening the eyes with an equal weight of Long Dan Xie Gan Tang or Qi Ju Di Huang Wan.

FAQ

General Questions

How do I choose the right formula?

TCM formulas are traditionally selected according to individual pattern differentiation rather than by symptom alone. If you're not sure which formula fits your presentation, take our AI Assessment below for a personalized starting point, then confirm with a qualified TCM practitioner.

What are concentrated herbal granules?

Concentrated herbal granules are made by decocting raw herbs, then extracting and concentrating the resulting liquid into a fine granule or powder form. This preserves the same active compounds as a traditional decoction while making the herbs far easier to store, measure, and prepare.

How should I take these products?

Dissolve the recommended amount of granules in hot water, stir until fully dissolved, and drink while warm — following the dosage and frequency advised by your TCM practitioner or as stated on the product packaging.

Are concentrated herbal granules equivalent to traditional decoctions?

Concentrated granules are produced from the same herbs and processed to retain their active compounds, so they are traditionally regarded as a convenient alternative to decoctions rather than a different remedy. Some practitioners note subtle differences in strength or absorption between the two forms, so your TCM practitioner may adjust dosage accordingly.

Are your products authentic?

Yes. HJMEDICAL sources its concentrated granules exclusively from established, reputable manufacturers such as Nong's and Hoi Tin, both long-standing names in the TCM granules industry, with GMP compliance stated directly on their packaging.

Are HJMEDICAL products manufactured under GMP standards?

HJMEDICAL sources its concentrated granules from established, reputable manufacturers such as Nong's and Hoi Tin, both long-standing names in the TCM granules industry. GMP compliance for these products is stated directly on their packaging.

Do you ship internationally?

Yes — we ship worldwide! Every order goes out via Hong Kong Post, and your exact shipping cost and estimated delivery time for your address are calculated and shown right at checkout, so there are never any surprises. We also offer free shipping once your order reaches our free-shipping threshold, so it's easy to stock up on your favorite formulas and save.

Can I take more than one formula at the same time?

Some formulas are traditionally combined, while others overlap or counteract each other. We recommend checking with a qualified TCM practitioner before combining formulas, especially if you are already taking other medication.

Are these products suitable during pregnancy or breastfeeding?

Some TCM formulas are not suitable during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Please consult a qualified TCM practitioner or your doctor before use if you are pregnant, trying to conceive, or nursing.

Do these products replace medical treatment?

No. These products are traditional herbal supplements intended to support wellbeing according to TCM principles — they are not a replacement for professional medical diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a qualified TCM practitioner or licensed healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or combining any treatment, especially if you have a chronic condition.

Medical Disclaimer

For general TCM education only — not medical advice. Consult a qualified TCM practitioner or licensed healthcare provider before use, especially if pregnant, nursing, on medication, or managing a chronic condition.

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Xi Gan Ming Mu San