Nan Sha Shen (南沙参; Nán Shā Shēn; Latin: Radix Adenophorae; English: southern adenophora root) in the current pharmacopoeia is the dried root of Adenophora tetraphylla or Adenophora stricta of the bellflower family, dug in autumn, with the rootlets removed, the outer skin scraped off while fresh, then sun-dried or oven-dried. Both the raw and honey-processed forms are used. It is sweet and slightly bitter, slightly cold, enters the Lung and Stomach channels, and its core actions are to nourish yin and clear the lung, and to resolve phlegm and boost qi. It usually goes into decoctions and gentle moistening teas. The usual amount is 10–15 g. It is simmered for about 15–20 minutes, with no special early or late adding. It is also steeped as a tea or cooked into porridge in smaller servings.
It is not Bei Sha Shen. Both are slightly cold and sweet-bitter, but Bei Sha Shen has a firmer root and leans more on clearing and draining dryness-heat, while Nan Sha Shen is lighter, sweeter, and also boosts qi and resolves phlegm. Spleen-stomach deficiency-cold with loose stools is a poor match. Phlegm-damp cough with sticky, copious phlegm is also a poor match. Use caution in pregnancy and during breastfeeding.
It is used most often for three patterns:
- Dry cough with little phlegm, dry throat and nose, hoarse voice
- Stomach dryness-heat, dry mouth with much drinking, poor appetite
- Lingering cough after illness, with slight shortness of breath and fatigue
Sweet, slightly bitter, and slightly cold, it is not a daily “moistening ginseng” to keep increasing. In a cold spleen and stomach, with no dryness-heat, it loosens the stools and adds dampness.
When seasonal dryness or a lingering cough wears down lung and stomach fluids, dry cough, dry throat, and a hot, empty stomach are common. Nan Sha Shen is sweet, slightly bitter, and slightly cold. It moistens, generates fluids, and gently lifts qi, which is why it appears in Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang (Sha Shen-Ophiopogon Decoction)–type formulas for lung-stomach dryness, and supports Yi Wei Tang (Stomach-Benefiting Decoction)–type formulas for stomach yin. It moistens more than it holds. A cold, loose stomach with no dryness gets worse if more is added.
Nan Sha Shen is not a catch-all daily moistening root. In spleen-stomach deficiency-cold with loose stools, or in phlegm-damp cough, using it alone is a poor match. Raw or honey-processed, and whether it belongs in a formula, should be decided by a licensed Chinese medicine practitioner after pattern diagnosis.