Harmonising Formulas

痛泻要方 · Tòng Xiè Yào Fāng

Tong Xie Yao Fang

A classical formula for painful diarrhoea from Liver overacting on Spleen, with abdominal pain that precedes loose stools and is often linked to emotional stress.

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Last reviewed August 2026
Formula CategoryHarmonising Formulas
Primary PatternQi Stagnation
Primary FunctionSoothe Liver, strengthen Spleen, stop painful diarrhoea
Primary Therapeutic PrincipleTonify the Spleen, soften the Liver and stop pain with diarrhoea
Main HerbsWhite Atractylodes Rhizome · White Peony Root · Tangerine Peel · Saposhnikovia Root
Classical SourceDan Xi Xin Fa (Zhu Danxi, Yuan dynasty)

Why This Formula?

Traditionally selected when abdominal pain and diarrhoea are clearly linked to Liver-Spleen disharmony and emotion — not pure Spleen deficiency, Kidney deficiency or cold Middle patterns.

Traditionally selected when abdominal pain and diarrhoea are clearly linked to Liver-Spleen disharmony and emotion — not pure Spleen deficiency, Kidney deficiency or cold Middle patterns.

What Is Tong Xie Yao Fang?

1. Ancient Classic Records

Tong Xie Yao Fang (痛泻要方), or Important Formula for Painful Diarrhea, is a classical formula associated with Zhu Danxi’s teachings and recorded in texts such as the Jing Yue Quan Shu. It belongs to the category of formulas that harmonize the Liver and Spleen.

This formula addresses the pattern of Liver Qi constraint overacting on a deficient Spleen (Wood overacting on Earth). Typical signs include abdominal pain that is relieved after diarrhea, borborygmus, urgent loose stools, recurrent episodes often triggered by emotional stress, a thin white tongue coating, and a pulse that is wiry on the left and moderate on the right.

Combining Bai Zhu to tonify the Spleen and dry Dampness, Bai Shao to soften the Liver and relieve spasmodic pain, Chen Pi to regulate Qi and dry Dampness, and Fang Feng to disperse Liver constraint while guiding the formula to the Spleen, Tong Xie Yao Fang strengthens the Spleen, soothes the Liver, expels Dampness, and effectively stops painful diarrhea.

Tong Xie Yao Fang

2. Digestive System Diseases

  • In the realm of digestive issues, Tong Xie Yao Fang is frequently used to treat Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
  • People with IBS often experience abdominal pain and diarrhea, and you will usually notice these symptoms are closely tied to their emotional state. By taking this formula to harmonize the Liver and Spleen, it effectively relieves the abdominal pain and diarrhea, significantly improving the patient's quality of life.
  • Additionally, for those suffering from functional dyspepsia (chronic indigestion) accompanied by diarrhea, this formula offers great results. It helps regulate the functions of the Spleen and Stomach, boosts digestion and nutrient absorption, and reduces discomforts like abdominal bloating and loose stools.
Tong Xie Yao Fang

3. Mental and Emotional Related Symptoms

  • Tong Xie Yao Fang can also play a big role in treating gastrointestinal disorders that are triggered by psychological or emotional factors, such as anxiety or depression.
  • When your body is in a state of anxiety or depression, your Liver Qi can easily become stagnant and blocked. This quickly impacts the function of your Spleen and Stomach, leading to physical symptoms like diarrhea.
  • By harmonizing the Liver and Spleen, this formula doesn't just fix your digestive symptoms. It also helps to ease your underlying mental and emotional tension, offering a holistic approach that treats both the mind and the body at the exact same time.

Herb Composition (Sovereign / Minister / Assistant / Envoy)

1. The "King" Herb - Bai Zhu

  • Bai Zhu acts as the lead or "King" herb in the Tong Xie Yao Fang formula. It brings a powerful ability to strengthen the Spleen and dry up dampness.
  • In terms of its nature, it is warm and has a sweet and bitter taste, directly targeting the Spleen and Stomach meridians. By strengthening the Spleen, it boosts your digestive system's ability to process food and transport nutrients. When a weak Spleen causes digestive issues, Bai Zhu helps restore the balance of fluid metabolism, which stops dampness from building up.
  • In clinical practice, it is commonly used to treat symptoms caused by a weak Spleen and Stomach, such as a poor appetite, bloating, and diarrhea. You can think of it as the "guardian" of your digestion, providing strong support to keep your Spleen and Stomach working smoothly and fixing discomfort from the root.

2. The "Minister" Herb - Bai Shao

  • Bai Shao serves as the "Minister" herb, primarily working to nourish the blood and soften or relax the Liver.
  • It is slightly cold in nature, with a bitter and sour taste, and it targets the Liver and Spleen meridians. In TCM, the Liver is in charge of keeping things flowing smoothly. If the Liver's energy (Qi) gets stuck or stagnant, it can act up and attack the Spleen, causing digestive upset. Bai Shao nourishes the blood and softens the Liver, restoring its smooth flow and preventing it from over-controlling the Spleen.
  • Additionally, Bai Shao is excellent at relaxing tension and stopping pain. For abdominal pain caused by disharmony between the Liver and Spleen—especially cramping pain—this herb brings great relief. It acts like a gentle "comb," smoothing out the Liver's Qi and blood, reducing its negative impact on digestion, and teaming up with Bai Zhu to restore balance.

3. The "Assistant" Herb - Chen Pi

  • Acting as the "Assistant" herb, Chen Pi regulates Qi, strengthens the Spleen, dries dampness, and resolves phlegm.
  • It is warm, pungent, and bitter, targeting the Spleen and Lung meridians. Within the Tong Xie Yao Fang formula, Chen Pi helps boost the digestive power of the Spleen and Stomach while keeping energy moving. It clears out stuck energy in the digestive tract; when the Qi flows smoothly, dampness naturally goes away, helping to clear out any phlegm-dampness.
  • When the Spleen and Stomach aren't processing fluids properly, leading to stagnant water and phlegm, Chen Pi steps in. It acts as a "little helper," assisting the King and Minister herbs in maintaining healthy digestion and preventing dampness from making the condition worse.
Tong Xie Yao Fang

4. The "Envoy" Herb - Fang Feng

  • Fang Feng plays the role of the "Envoy" or messenger herb in Tong Xie Yao Fang. It is known for dispelling wind, overcoming dampness, raising the "clear Yang" energy of the Spleen and Stomach, and soothing the Liver.
  • It is slightly warm, with a pungent and sweet taste, and targets the Bladder, Liver, and Spleen meridians. By dispelling wind and overcoming dampness, it clears these external invaders from the body's surface, preventing them from making the illness worse. At the same time, it lifts the clear, upward-moving energy of the Spleen and Stomach, helping to restore normal digestion.
  • Furthermore, Fang Feng has a mild Liver-soothing effect, which helps regulate the Liver's energy and keeps it relaxed. It acts as a "guide," directing the actions of the other herbs right where they need to go, ensuring the entire formula works perfectly to harmonize the Liver and Spleen.

Clinical Presentation in TCM

1. The Root Cause (Mechanism)

  • The primary underlying issue that Tong Xie Yao Fang targets is a disharmony between the Liver and the Spleen.
  • In traditional Chinese medicine, the Liver is responsible for the smooth flow of Qi (energy) and emotions. If you experience emotional stress or your Liver Qi becomes stagnant, this smooth flow is disrupted, causing blocked energy.
  • Meanwhile, the Spleen handles digestion and prefers a dry environment, disliking dampness. When the Liver's energy acts up and becomes "rebellious," it easily overpowers and attacks the Spleen. This disrupts your digestive system, preventing the "clear" energy from rising and the "turbid" waste from descending, which ultimately triggers diarrhea.
  • This creates a vicious cycle where liver dysfunction continuously upsets normal digestion. Therefore, the key to treating this condition is harmonizing the Liver and the Spleen to restore their normal, healthy functions.

2. What It Does (Benefits)

  • The main benefits of Tong Xie Yao Fang are strengthening the Spleen, softening the Liver, dispelling dampness, and stopping diarrhea.
  • It achieves this through a team effort: Bai Zhu strengthens the Spleen and dries up dampness, stopping the problem right at the source. Bai Shao nourishes the blood and softens the Liver, easing its aggressive impact on the Spleen and restoring harmony between the two organs.
  • To support this, Chen Pi regulates Qi, aids digestion, and clears out dampness and phlegm. Fang Feng dispels wind-dampness, lifts the healthy, clear energy of your digestive system, and gently soothes the Liver.
  • Together, this combination thoroughly corrects the imbalance between the Liver and Spleen, ultimately clearing out dampness, stopping diarrhea, and restoring your body's natural physiological rhythm.
Tong Xie Yao Fang

3. What It Treats (Indications)

  • Tong Xie Yao Fang is primarily used to treat diarrhea caused by a deficient Spleen and a hyperactive Liver.
  • The classic hallmark of this specific type of diarrhea is experiencing abdominal pain that immediately makes you need to rush to the bathroom, with the pain feeling much better right after you go. Additionally, the stool often contains mucus.
  • People experiencing this pattern often have fluctuating emotions. You might notice that whenever you feel tense, anxious, or depressed, your diarrhea symptoms get noticeably worse. This happens because emotional stress further damages the Liver's ability to keep energy flowing smoothly, worsening the conflict between the Liver and Spleen.
  • You might also experience other related symptoms, such as tightness or pain in the chest and ribs (due to stuck Liver Qi), abdominal bloating (due to poor digestion), and a poor appetite (due to a weak Spleen). Using this formula effectively smooths out this internal disharmony and brings much-needed relief to these uncomfortable symptoms.

The Mechanism in Classical Theory

1. Harmonizing the Liver and Spleen

  • The core logic of Tong Xie Yao Fang revolves around harmonizing the Liver and the Spleen.
  • Bai Zhu steps in to strengthen the Spleen, providing essential energy to your digestive system. By enhancing the way your body processes food and fluids, it prevents dampness from forming inside.
  • Meanwhile, Bai Shao works to soften the Liver and nourish the blood. It restrains the Liver's energy from becoming overactive, ensuring it doesn't rebel and attack the Spleen.
  • Chen Pi supports the process by regulating Qi and strengthening the Spleen. It acts as an assistant to Bai Zhu, managing the energy flow in the digestive tract. Once the Qi is moving smoothly, dampness is naturally resolved.
  • Fang Feng plays a dual role. On one hand, it dispels wind and dampness to stop external factors from making you feel worse. On the other hand, it lifts the clear, upward-moving energy of your digestion while soothing the Liver. This allows the Liver's energy to flow freely so it stops bullying the Spleen.
  • Together, these four herbs act like a highly coordinated team. They work synergistically to restore a peaceful relationship between the Liver and Spleen, allowing each organ to do its proper job and keeping your digestion and nutrient absorption running normally.
Tong Xie Yao Fang

2. Dispelling Dampness and Stopping Diarrhea

  • When it comes to getting rid of dampness and stopping diarrhea, the Spleen-strengthening and damp-drying powers of Bai Zhu are absolutely key. It boosts your body's ability to handle fluids, turning excess dampness into useful hydration that gets distributed throughout your body.
  • Chen Pi contributes with its ability to regulate Qi, dry up dampness, and clear phlegm. This helps eliminate any thick, sluggish dampness that has already formed in your digestive system, removing roadblocks to healthy digestion.
  • Fang Feng helps out by clearing external wind and dampness from your body's surface. This is important because it prevents outside elements from teaming up with your internal dampness to make your condition worse.
  • Additionally, Bai Shao plays a helpful role in soothing the intestinal cramping and spasms caused by the clash between the Liver and Spleen, which directly helps reduce the frequency of diarrhea.
  • Overall, the entire formula uses multiple different pathways to tackle dampness and stop diarrhea. By working from several angles, it restores normal bowel function, helps form healthy stools, and brings real relief to your symptoms.

Clinical Comparison Table

Compare Tong Xie Yao FangShen Ling Bai Zhu SanSi Shen WanLi Zhong Tang
Primary Function Soothe Liver, strengthen Spleen, stop painful diarrhoeaTonify Spleen Qi, resolve dampness, stop diarrhoeaWarm Spleen-Kidney Yang, astringe intestines, stop diarrheaWarm Middle, tonify Spleen Yang
Formula Category Harmonising FormulasQi-Tonifying FormulasAstringent FormulasYang-Tonifying Formulas
Typical TCM Pattern Qi StagnationSpleen Qi DeficiencyYang DeficiencyYang Deficiency
Main Conditions Diarrhea, Abdominal Pain, Bloating, Emotional DepressionDiarrhea, Poor Appetite, Bloating, Spleen Qi DeficiencyDiarrhea, Abdominal Pain, Poor Appetite, Cold LimbsAbdominal Pain, Diarrhea, Stomach Discomfort, Poor Appetite, Cold Limbs
Main Herbs White Atractylodes Rhizome · White Peony Root · Tangerine Peel · Saposhnikovia RootGinseng Root · White Atractylodes Rhizome · Poria / Hoelen · Honey-fried Licorice · Chinese Yam · White Hyacinth Bean · Lotus Seed · Coix Seed / Job's Tears · Amomum Fruit · Platycodon RootPsoralea Fruit · Nutmeg · Evodia Fruit · Schisandra FruitGinseng Root · Dried Ginger · White Atractylodes Rhizome · Honey-fried Licorice
Classical Source Dan Xi Xin Fa (Zhu Danxi, Yuan dynasty)Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang (Song dynasty)Zheng Zhi Zhun Sheng or traditional (Ming dynasty sources)Shang Han Lun (Zhang Zhongjing, Eastern Han)

How to tell them apart

Tong Xie Yao Fang soothes Liver and strengthens Spleen for painful diarrhoea. Shen Ling Bai Zhu San tonifies Spleen and drains damp for chronic loose stools. Si Shen Wan warms Kidney-Spleen for daybreak diarrhoea. Li Zhong Tang warms the Middle for cold-deficient diarrhoea.

For educational reference only, based on traditional pattern differentiation — not a substitute for professional advice.

Clinical Modifications for Tong Xie Yao Fang

1. For Severe Liver Qi Stagnation

  • If you are experiencing severe Liver Qi stagnation, you can add herbs like Chai Hu and Xiang Fu to the base of Tong Xie Yao Fang.
  • Chai Hu is excellent at soothing the Liver and releasing stagnation. It helps to smooth out the flow of Liver Qi, making your body's energy pathways feel much more relaxed and open.
  • Xiang Fu works to regulate Qi and relieve pain. It boosts the overall Qi-moving power of the formula, making it highly effective for easing chest and rib discomfort, as well as stomach bloating caused by that stuck Liver Qi.

2. For Heavy Dampness

  • When dampness is a major issue, herbs like Hou Po and Fu Ling can be added to the mix.
  • Hou Po helps to dry out dampness and get Qi moving, giving the formula an extra boost to clear away any dampness bogging down the Spleen and Stomach.
  • Fu Ling gently drains dampness by promoting urination, helping your body flush out excess fluids. This takes the pressure off your Spleen and Stomach, allowing their digestive functions to return to normal much faster.
Tong Xie Yao Fang

3. For Chronic Diarrhea

  • For patients dealing with chronic, ongoing diarrhea, adding herbs like Wu Mei and Qian Shi is a great strategy.
  • Wu Mei has a natural astringent effect on the intestines, which helps to bind the bowels and reduce how often you need to go to the bathroom.
  • Qian Shi benefits the Kidneys, strengthens the Spleen, and helps stop diarrhea. It is especially useful for repairing the wear and tear on the Spleen and Kidneys caused by long-term diarrhea. This helps lock in the healing benefits and prevents the condition from dragging on.

What the Science Suggests

1. Pharmacological Research

  • Modern research shows that the Bai Zhu in Tong Xie Yao Fang helps to regulate gastrointestinal movement, boost your immune system, and provide antioxidant benefits. It actively promotes bowel motility and improves digestion while strengthening your body's natural defenses against outside pathogens.
  • Bai Shao offers fantastic pain relief, anti-spasmodic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Its pain-relieving qualities can ease the belly ache caused by Liver and Spleen disharmony, while its anti-spasmodic nature helps relax intestinal cramps and reduce inflammation in the gut.
  • Chen Pi is packed with essential oils and flavonoids. These components help stimulate the secretion of digestive juices, encourage healthy bowel movements, and even fight off bacteria. It is a great ally for improving your Spleen and Stomach function and clearing up inflammation in the digestive tract.
  • Fang Feng brings anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immune-regulating properties to the mix. It helps calm inflammatory reactions in the intestines and balances the body's immune function, making it highly effective at regulating gut disturbances caused by a struggling Liver and Spleen.
Tong Xie Yao Fang

2. Application in Clinical Research

  • In clinical studies, Tong Xie Yao Fang has shown excellent results in treating digestive system diseases like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia.
  • Research confirms that this formula can significantly reduce a patient's abdominal pain and diarrhea, leading to a much better overall quality of life.
  • For patients whose digestive troubles are paired with emotional or psychological challenges, this formula does double duty. While it works to balance the Liver and Spleen, it also helps to ease mental symptoms such as anxiety and depression.
  • These findings provide strong evidence for the formula's wide use in clinics and set the stage for even deeper research into its mechanisms and applications. As modern studies continue to unfold, the value of Tong Xie Yao Fang in clinical treatments will only continue to shine!

Safety Considerations

1. Dietary Restrictions

Avoid raw, cold, greasy, and spicy foods. Raw and cold items weaken spleen-stomach yang, while greasy foods hinder digestion. Spicy foods irritate the gut, worsening abdominal pain and diarrhea.

2. Emotional Regulation

Maintain a stable, positive mood. Since the condition is tied to stress, negative emotions worsen liver-spleen disharmony. Relax through music, walks, or socializing to improve outcomes.

3. Special Populations

Pregnant women must consult a doctor before use. The elderly, frail, or those with severe spleen-stomach cold should consult a doctor regarding dosage adjustments, monitor reactions closely, and seek medical help if needed.

Questions About Tong Xie Yao Fang

Q1: What are the actions of Tong Xie Yao Fang?
Tong Xie Yao Fang has the actions of tonifying the Spleen, softening the Liver, expelling Dampness, and stopping diarrhea. It is the classic formula for painful diarrhea caused by Liver constraint overacting on a deficient Spleen (Liver-Spleen disharmony).
Q2: Which modern diseases is Tong Xie Yao Fang suited to?
Modern TCM clinical practice commonly applies it to individuals whose pattern differentiation falls within Liver constraint and Spleen deficiency, including diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), chronic or recurrent colitis and enteritis of this pattern, and stress- or emotion-triggered abdominal pain with diarrhea.
Q3: Is Tong Xie Yao Fang suitable for improving abdominal pain with diarrhea that is relieved after the bowel movement?
For presentations of intestinal rumbling, abdominal pain that accompanies or precedes diarrhea, pain that eases after defecation, recurrent episodes often triggered by stress or emotion, a thin white tongue coating, and a left guan pulse that is wiry while the right is moderate — in those whose pattern differentiation confirms Liver excess overacting on Spleen deficiency — TCM commonly applies Tong Xie Yao Fang as an adjunct. It cannot replace standard medical treatment.
Q4: Who should not take Tong Xie Yao Fang?
Those with Damp-Heat or Heat-toxin dysentery (burning anus, foul-smelling stools, blood or mucus, yellow greasy tongue coating), pure food stagnation diarrhea, or Kidney Yang deficiency dawn diarrhea without a clear Liver-Spleen pattern are generally not suitable. The formula is relatively warm and drying. Use should be assessed by a qualified TCM physician.
Q5: Why does this formula address both the Liver and the Spleen?
Classical theory states that pain is attributed to the Liver and diarrhea to the Spleen. When the Liver is constrained and overacts on a weak Spleen, the result is painful diarrhea. Bai Shao softens and restrains the Liver, Bai Zhu strengthens the Spleen and dries Dampness, Chen Pi regulates Qi, and Fang Feng disperses Liver constraint while assisting the Spleen — restoring harmony between the two organs.
Q6: Can Tong Xie Yao Fang help when diarrhea and abdominal pain are triggered by emotional stress?
Yes. Because the pattern is often precipitated or worsened by emotional upset that intensifies Liver constraint, the formula’s ability to soften the Liver and support the Spleen makes it particularly useful for stress-related or emotion-triggered painful diarrhea of this type.
Q7: What are the main ingredients of Tong Xie Yao Fang?
The classical four-herb formula consists of Bai Zhu (Atractylodes) to tonify the Spleen and dry Dampness; Bai Shao (White Peony) to soften the Liver, nourish Blood, and relieve spasm and pain; Chen Pi (Tangerine peel) to regulate Qi and dry Dampness; and Fang Feng to disperse Liver constraint, assist the Spleen, and help stop diarrhea. The herbs are often dry-fried in classical preparation.
Q8: Is Tong Xie Yao Fang suitable for long-term use?
It may be used for recurrent or chronic patterns of Liver-Spleen disharmony while symptoms are active. Because the formula is relatively mild, courses can be adjusted according to response. Once pain and diarrhea stabilize, the prescription is often reduced or combined with further Spleen-supporting measures under professional guidance.
Q9: How does Tong Xie Yao Fang differ from formulas that purely stop diarrhea or clear Heat?
Pure astringent antidiarrheal formulas address the symptom without correcting the Liver-Spleen imbalance. Heat-clearing dysentery formulas (such as Bai Tou Weng Tang) are for Heat-toxin patterns with burning, blood, and pus. Tong Xie Yao Fang specifically targets the wood-overacting-on-earth mechanism of painful diarrhea without significant Heat or toxicity.
Q10: What lifestyle advice supports the use of Tong Xie Yao Fang?
Managing emotional stress, eating regular moderate meals, avoiding cold, greasy, or irritating foods, and maintaining a calm daily rhythm help reduce Liver constraint and support Spleen function. Professional evaluation remains important for persistent or severe bowel symptoms.

General Questions

How do I choose the right formula?
TCM formulas are traditionally selected according to individual pattern differentiation rather than by symptom alone. If you're not sure which formula fits your presentation, take our AI Assessment below for a personalized starting point, then confirm with a qualified TCM practitioner.
What are concentrated herbal granules?
Concentrated herbal granules are made by decocting raw herbs, then extracting and concentrating the resulting liquid into a fine granule or powder form. This preserves the same active compounds as a traditional decoction while making the herbs far easier to store, measure, and prepare.
How should I take these products?
Dissolve the recommended amount of granules in hot water, stir until fully dissolved, and drink while warm — following the dosage and frequency advised by your TCM practitioner or as stated on the product packaging.
Are concentrated herbal granules equivalent to traditional decoctions?
Concentrated granules are produced from the same herbs and processed to retain their active compounds, so they are traditionally regarded as a convenient alternative to decoctions rather than a different remedy. Some practitioners note subtle differences in strength or absorption between the two forms, so your TCM practitioner may adjust dosage accordingly.
Are your products authentic?
Yes. HJMEDICAL sources its concentrated granules exclusively from established, reputable manufacturers such as Nong's and Hoi Tin, both long-standing names in the TCM granules industry, with GMP compliance stated directly on their packaging.
Are HJMEDICAL products manufactured under GMP standards?
HJMEDICAL sources its concentrated granules from established, reputable manufacturers such as Nong's and Hoi Tin, both long-standing names in the TCM granules industry. GMP compliance for these products is stated directly on their packaging.
Do you ship internationally?
Yes — we ship worldwide! Every order goes out via Hong Kong Post, and your exact shipping cost and estimated delivery time for your address are calculated and shown right at checkout, so there are never any surprises. We also offer free shipping once your order reaches our free-shipping threshold, so it's easy to stock up on your favorite formulas and save.
Can I take more than one formula at the same time?
Some formulas are traditionally combined, while others overlap or counteract each other. We recommend checking with a qualified TCM practitioner before combining formulas, especially if you are already taking other medication.
Are these products suitable during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Some TCM formulas are not suitable during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Please consult a qualified TCM practitioner or your doctor before use if you are pregnant, trying to conceive, or nursing.
Do these products replace medical treatment?
No. These products are traditional herbal supplements intended to support wellbeing according to TCM principles — they are not a replacement for professional medical diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a qualified TCM practitioner or licensed healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or combining any treatment, especially if you have a chronic condition.
Medical Disclaimer

For general TCM education only — not medical advice. Consult a qualified TCM practitioner or licensed healthcare provider before use, especially if pregnant, nursing, on medication, or managing a chronic condition.

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Tong Xie Yao Fang: Classic TCM Formula for Painful Diarrhea, Liver-Spleen Disharmony