Zoological substancesBlood-activatingFaeces Trogopterori

Wu Ling Zhi (Flying Squirrel Feces)

五靈脂 · Wu Ling Zhi

Blood-activating herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Traditional functions: Invigorates blood, dispels stasis, and relieves pain.

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Quick Facts

Latin NameFaeces Trogopterori
Chinese Name & Pinyin五靈脂 · Wu Ling Zhi
Medicinal PartZoological substances
Efficacy CategoryBlood-activating
Botanical OriginThe dried faeces of Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards (Petauristidae).
Nature & FlavourBitter, Sweet; Warm
Channels EnteredLiver, Spleen

What Is Wu Ling Zhi?

Wu Ling Zhi (Flying Squirrel Feces) is a medicinal herb of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Primarily produced in the Chinese provinces of Hebei, Shanxi and Yunnan.

Nature & Flavour: Bitter, Sweet; Warm
Channels Entered: Liver, Spleen

Wu Ling Zhi: Materia Medica Profile

Identification & Quality Standard

Faeces Trogopterori

Botanical Origin

The dried faeces of Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards (Petauristidae).

Production Regions

Primarily produced in the Chinese provinces of Hebei, Shanxi and Yunnan.

Quality Requirements

Superior medicinal material is dry, brownish-black, and free of sand and hair.

Macroscopic Features

Elongated or irregular pellets, 0.5~1.5cm long; externally brownish-black or greyish-brown, rough; light; slightly fishy odor.

Traditional TCM Properties

Bitter, Sweet; WarmLiverSpleen

Traditional Functions

Invigorates blood, dispels stasis, and relieves pain. Apply to amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, chest and abdominal stasis pain, and postpartum lochia retention.

How Wu Ling Zhi Is Used in TCM

In the Chinese materia medica, Wu Ling Zhi is classified among the Blood-activating herbs. It appears in 4 classical formulas in our library.

Formulas containing Wu Ling Zhi are traditionally used for:

Hypochondriac DistensionAbdominal PainBloatingEmotional DepressionDysmenorrheaIrregular MenstruationCold LimbsJoint DiscomfortMuscular StiffnessLow Back PainNumbness in LimbsNeck Pain

Classical Formulas Containing Wu Ling Zhi

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Wu Ling Zhi? Are Ling Zhi Mi, Ling Zhi Kuai, Cu Wu Ling Zhi and Pu Huang the same?
Wu Ling Zhi (五灵脂) is the dried feces of Trogopterus xanthipes (complex-toothed flying squirrel). The pharmaceutical name is Trogopterori Faeces. Ling Zhi Mi is loose pellets; Ling Zhi Kuai is the agglutinated block. Cu Wu Ling Zhi is vinegar-fried to strengthen dispersing stasis and stopping pain—the form most prescriptions expect. Pu Huang is Typha pollen; together they make Shi Xiao San, not the same article. It has not been in the main Pharmacopoeia text since 2015 but remains in clinical use. Write Wu Ling Zhi or Cu Ling Zhi; do not combine with ginseng; wrap for decoction.
What are the TCM properties and traditional uses of Wu Ling Zhi?
Traditional records: Wu Ling Zhi is bitter, sweet (sometimes also salty) and warm, enters the Liver channel, and acts to invigorate Blood and stop pain, and transform stasis to stop bleeding. It is used for stabbing pain in the chest, flanks and abdomen, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea, postpartum static pain and traumatic swelling; the charred form is used for bleeding with stasis. Bitter-draining and warm-unblocking in the Blood aspect, it suits static stabbing pain—not Blood vacuity without stasis, pregnancy, or a formula that also contains ginseng.
How do you choose raw, vinegar-fried or charred Wu Ling Zhi? Must it be wrapped?
Internal use usually prefers vinegar-fried Wu Ling Zhi, which reduces the odor and strengthens dispersing stasis and stopping pain; bleeding with stasis uses the charred form. The raw article is odorous and more often external. In decoction it must be wrapped to avoid a muddy, Stomach-damaging brew. Do not place it with Ren Shen or Hong Shen.
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Learn More About Wu Ling Zhi

Explore our in-depth article covering the traditional uses, properties, functions, and TCM context of Wu Ling Zhi.

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Medical Disclaimer — This article is provided for educational purposes only and describes traditional Chinese medicine concepts. It is not medical advice, and it is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using any herb, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication or managing a diagnosed condition.

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