Exterior-Releasing Formulas

射干麻黄汤 · Shè Gān Má Huáng Tāng

She Gan Ma Huang Tang

A Jin Gui formula for cold phlegm obstructing the Lung with wheezing, rattling throat sounds and cough with thin sputum, emphasising throat and airway clearance more than Xiao Qing Long Tang.

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Last reviewed August 2026
Formula CategoryExterior-Releasing Formulas
Primary PatternWind-Cold
Primary FunctionDisperse cold, transform phlegm, stop wheezing and cough
Primary Therapeutic PrincipleDiffuse the Lung, transform cold phlegm and calm wheezing
Main HerbsBelamcanda Rhizome · Ephedra Herb · Fresh Ginger · Asarum / Wild Ginger · Aster Root · Coltsfoot Flower · Pinellia Rhizome · Schisandra Fruit · Jujube / Chinese Date
Classical SourceJin Gui Yao Lue (Zhang Zhongjing, Eastern Han)

Why This Formula?

Traditionally selected for cold-phlegm wheezing with prominent throat sounds — more airway-focused than Xiao Qing Long Tang, without the upper-excess lower-deficiency framing of Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang.

Traditionally selected for cold-phlegm wheezing with prominent throat sounds — more airway-focused than Xiao Qing Long Tang, without the upper-excess lower-deficiency framing of Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang.

What Is She Gan Ma Huang Tang?

1. The Origin of Jingui Shenqi Wan

She Gan Ma Huang Tang (射干麻黄汤), or Belamcanda and Ephedra Decoction, is a classical formula from Zhang Zhongjing’s Jin Gui Yao Lue (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet). It belongs to the category of formulas that warm the Lungs, transform cold Phlegm-Fluids, and stop coughing and wheezing.

This formula addresses cold Phlegm-Fluids (Tan Yin) stagnating in the Lungs with rebellious Qi rising. Typical signs include coughing and wheezing accompanied by an audible “water-chicken” or frog-like rattling sound in the throat, copious thin clear or white sputum, chest tightness or oppression, symptoms worsened by cold exposure, a pale tongue with white slippery coating, and a floating tight or slippery pulse.

Combining She Gan to transform Phlegm and open the throat, Ma Huang to diffuse Lung Qi and calm wheezing, Xi Xin and Sheng Jiang to warm and disperse cold Phlegm, Zi Wan and Kuan Dong Hua to stop cough and resolve Phlegm, Ban Xia to dry Dampness and descend Qi, and Wu Wei Zi with Da Zao to astringe the Lungs and harmonize, She Gan Ma Huang Tang effectively warms the Lungs, transforms thin mucus, and restores the normal descending function of Lung Qi.

She Gan Ma Huang Tang

2. Respiratory System Conditions

  • Chronic Bronchitis: For people dealing with chronic bronchitis caused by "cold fluids trapped inside," symptoms usually include a persistent cough with a lot of clear, watery phlegm, which often gets worse during the winter. She Gan Ma Huang Tang is highly effective here. By warming the lungs, clearing the fluid buildup, and stopping the cough and wheezing, it provides great symptom relief and helps reduce the number of flare-ups.
  • Bronchial Asthma: When an asthma attack is triggered by cold (often referred to as "cold asthma"), you might experience rapid breathing, loud wheezing in your throat, and cough up clear, watery phlegm. She Gan Ma Huang Tang is a standard, go-to herbal formula for this situation. It works quickly to open the airways, calm the asthma symptoms, and ease breathing struggles.
She Gan Ma Huang Tang

3. Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Conditions

  • Allergic Rhinitis: If your allergies give you a constantly runny nose with clear mucus, nasal congestion, and symptoms that get much worse in cold weather, it is often a sign of trapped cold fluids. Based on a proper symptom check, She Gan Ma Huang Tang can be used as part of your treatment. By warming the lungs and drying up the cold, watery fluids, it helps clear your nasal passages and cuts down on allergy attacks.
  • Chronic Pharyngitis (Chronic Sore Throat): If you have a constantly irritated throat, feel like there is a lump or something stuck in it, and struggle to cough up phlegm, this formula can help. When these symptoms are linked to trapped cold fluids, She Gan Ma Huang Tang steps in to warm and melt away the cold fluids, soothe the throat, and clear out the stubborn phlegm, bringing much-needed relief to throat discomfort.

Herb Composition (Sovereign / Minister / Assistant / Envoy)

1. The King Herb (Primary Herb) - She Gan

She Gan is bitter and cold by nature, and it specifically targets the lungs. It is great for clearing heat, removing toxins, breaking down phlegm, and soothing the throat. In the herbal formula She Gan Ma Huang Tang, She Gan targets the root of the problem by pushing energy downward and clearing phlegm, which opens up your airways and relieves throat irritation.

Its detoxifying power helps clear "hot toxins" trapped in the lungs, making it highly effective for treating coughs and wheezing caused by this heat buildup.

2. The Minister Herb (Supporting Herb) - Ma Huang

Ma Huang is spicy, slightly bitter, and warm by nature, targeting the lungs and bladder. It helps you sweat out early-stage sickness, opens up the lungs to stop wheezing, and reduces fluid retention. In this formula, its main job is to open up your airways so you can breathe smoothly and stop wheezing.

By making you sweat, it also helps push the sickness out from the surface of your body. It works perfectly alongside She Gan to make the cough and wheezing treatment even stronger.

3. The Assistant Herbs - Sheng Jiang, Xi Xin, Zi Wan, Kuan Dong Hua

  • Sheng Jiang: Spicy and slightly warm, targeting the lungs, spleen, and stomach. In this formula, it warms the lungs, drives away the cold, and stops coughing by clearing phlegm. It also acts as a peacemaker, helping all the other herbs work well together while boosting the effects of Ma Huang and She Gan.
  • Xi Xin: Spicy and warm, targeting the lungs, kidneys, and heart. It is powerful for clearing out wind and cold, opening up blocked nasal passages, relieving pain, and warming the lungs to melt away watery phlegm. This strongly supports Ma Huang and She Gan in relieving coughs and wheezing.
  • Zi Wan: Sweet, bitter, and slightly warm, targeting the lungs. It moistens the lungs, pushes energy downward, and clears phlegm to stop coughs. It makes stubborn phlegm much easier to cough up, making it perfect for chest congestion.
  • Kuan Dong Hua: Spicy, slightly bitter, and warm, targeting the lungs. Just like Zi Wan, it moistens the lungs, pushes energy down, and stops coughing and phlegm. When used together with Zi Wan, it makes the cough-relieving and phlegm-clearing effects even more powerful.
She Gan Ma Huang Tang

4. The Courier Herb (Guiding Herb) - Da Zao

Da Zao is sweet and warm, targeting the spleen, stomach, and heart. Its main job in this recipe is to balance all the other ingredients and nourish your digestive system. It softens the harsh, intense effects of herbs like Ma Huang and She Gan, making sure the formula works smoothly and gently on your body. At the same time, it boosts your digestion and your body's overall natural energy, helping you recover from your illness much faster.

Clinical Presentation in TCM

1. Root Cause Analysis

The main issue that She Gan Ma Huang Tang treats is what traditional medicine calls "cold fluid trapped in the lungs." This happens when an outside chill attacks your lungs, causing them to lose their ability to circulate air and fluids properly. Because these fluids aren't moving, they gather and turn into cold, watery phlegm. This cold phlegm gets stuck in the lungs, blocking the normal flow of your lung energy. This blockage is exactly what causes symptoms like coughing, wheezing, and a rattling phlegm sound in your throat.

2. Main Benefits

The primary benefits of She Gan Ma Huang Tang are warming the lungs, clearing out watery phlegm, stopping coughs, and calming wheezing. By working together, the herbs in this formula warm up the lungs to drive out the cold and melt away the trapped cold fluids. This opens up your airways, allowing you to breathe smoothly again, which ultimately stops the coughing and shortness of breath.

She Gan Ma Huang Tang

3. What It Treats

She Gan Ma Huang Tang is mainly used to treat severe coughing and shortness of breath accompanied by a loud, rattling phlegm sound in the throat (often described historically as sounding like a frog croaking).

Here is a breakdown of what to look for:

  • Common Conditions: These symptoms are mostly caused by cold fluid trapped in the lungs. In modern terms, this formula is highly effective for conditions like chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma, specifically when the root cause is a buildup of cold fluids inside the body.
  • Typical Symptoms: People who benefit from this formula often experience:
    • Frequent, persistent coughing.
    • Coughing up large amounts of clear, watery phlegm.
    • Severe wheezing and shortness of breath, which often makes it difficult to lie flat comfortably.

The Mechanism in Classical Theory

1. Opening the Lungs and Pushing Energy Downward

Ma Huang opens up the lungs and calms wheezing, while She Gan pushes energy downward and clears out phlegm. Working perfectly together—one opening things up and the other pushing down—they allow your lung energy to flow freely. This clears your airways and brings great relief to coughing and wheezing. Specifically, Ma Huang opens the lungs to scatter out the cold, while She Gan eliminates "hot toxins," clears phlegm, and soothes the throat. Together, they directly fix the root problem of the lungs losing their ability to circulate air properly.

2. Warming the Lungs and Clearing Fluid

This formula uses a great team approach to warm you up and get rid of fluid buildup:

  • Sheng Jiang and Xi Xin bring strong warming power. They team up with Ma Huang to warm the lungs and drive out the cold.
  • Zi Wan and Kuan Dong Hua step in to moisten the lungs and clear phlegm. They do the heavy lifting to melt away those trapped, cold watery fluids.
  • When all these herbs are combined, they work in harmony to effectively warm your lungs and dry up any excess fluid making you sick.
She Gan Ma Huang Tang

3. Balancing the Herbs

Da Zao has a naturally sweet taste and acts as the perfect peacemaker in this recipe. It softens the intense, strong effects of herbs like Ma Huang and She Gan, making sure the whole formula works gently and smoothly on your body without being too harsh. At the same time, it nourishes your digestive system and boosts your body's natural defenses, which gives you the strength you need to recover much faster.

Clinical Comparison Table

Compare She Gan Ma Huang TangXiao Qing Long TangDing Chuan TangSu Zi Jiang Qi Tang
Primary Function Disperse cold, transform phlegm, stop wheezing and coughRelease exterior, transform congested fluids, stop cough and wheezingDiffuse Lung, direct Qi down, clear heat, resolve phlegm, calm wheezingDirect rebellious Qi down, resolve phlegm, stop wheezing
Formula Category Exterior-Releasing FormulasExterior-Releasing FormulasExterior-Releasing FormulasQi-Regulating Formulas
Typical TCM Pattern Wind-ColdWind-ColdPhlegm-HeatPhlegm-Dampness
Main Conditions Cough, Asthma & Wheezing, Excessive Mucus, Sore ThroatCough, Asthma & Wheezing, Excessive Mucus, Nasal Congestion, Cold LimbsAsthma & Wheezing, CoughAsthma & Wheezing, Chest Tightness
Main Herbs Belamcanda Rhizome · Ephedra Herb · Fresh Ginger · Asarum / Wild Ginger · Aster Root · Coltsfoot Flower · Pinellia Rhizome · Schisandra Fruit · Jujube / Chinese DateEphedra Herb · Cinnamon Twig · Dried Ginger · Asarum / Wild Ginger · Schisandra Fruit · White Peony Root · Pinellia Rhizome · Honey-fried LicoriceGinkgo Seed · Ephedra Herb · Perilla Fruit · Licorice Root · Coltsfoot Flower · Bitter Apricot Kernel · Mulberry Root Bark · Scutellaria / Baikal Skullcap · Pinellia RhizomePerilla Fruit · Pinellia Rhizome · Chinese Angelica Root · Licorice Root · Magnolia Bark · Peucedanum Root · Cinnamon Bark
Classical Source Jin Gui Yao Lue (Zhang Zhongjing, Eastern Han)Shang Han Lun (Zhang Zhongjing, Eastern Han)Ming-Qing classical formularyTai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang (Song, 1107)

How to tell them apart

She Gan Ma Huang Tang transforms cold phlegm for wheezing with throat rattle. Xiao Qing Long Tang releases exterior cold with interior fluids. Ding Chuan Tang descends Qi for asthma with more heat or chronic features. Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang descends rebellious Qi for upper excess lower deficiency wheezing.

For educational reference only, based on traditional pattern differentiation — not a substitute for professional advice.

Clinical Modifications for She Gan Ma Huang Tang

1. When the Cold is Severe

If the cold symptoms are particularly heavy, we can add herbs like Gui Zhi and Gan Jiang to boost the formula's ability to warm the lungs and drive out the cold. Gui Zhi helps promote sweating, relax the muscles, and warm the body's energy channels, while Gan Jiang warms your core and restores vitality. Working together with the original ingredients, they do a much better job of kicking the cold out of the body.

2. Heavy Phlegm Buildup

For those dealing with a lot of stubborn phlegm, adding herbs like Ban Xia and Chen Pi can significantly boost the formula's phlegm-clearing power. Ban Xia is great at drying up dampness and transforming phlegm, while Chen Pi regulates the body's energy flow to help clear things out. Together, they make it much easier for your body to expel the trapped mucus.

She Gan Ma Huang Tang

3. Weak Lung Energy (Lung Qi Deficiency)

If a person's lung energy is weak or depleted, we can add herbs like Huang Qi and Dang Shen to help build it back up. Huang Qi boosts overall energy, lifts your system, and strengthens your body's outer defenses to stop excessive sweating. Dang Shen strengthens the digestion and lungs, while also nourishing the blood and bodily fluids. These additions help strengthen your body's natural defenses, making you more resilient and better equipped to fight off illness.

What the Science Suggests

1. Pharmacological Research

Modern pharmacological research shows that the herbs in She Gan Ma Huang Tang have multiple pharmacological effects. Ma Huang can relax bronchial smooth muscles to relieve asthma; She Gan has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects; herbs like Sheng Jiang and Xi Xin possess antibacterial and antiviral properties, while Zi Wan and Kuan Dong Hua can suppress coughs and expel phlegm. Together, these effects explain the underlying mechanisms of how the formula works to treat respiratory system diseases.

2. Clinical Research

In recent years, numerous clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness and safety of She Gan Ma Huang Tang in treating conditions like chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Through the observation and analysis of a large number of patients, researchers have found that the formula significantly improves symptoms, enhances lung function, and reduces the frequency of flare-ups, all while having very few side effects.

She Gan Ma Huang Tang

3. Formulation Improvement Research

With the development of modern technology, research into improving the dosage forms of She Gan Ma Huang Tang is continuously progressing. Beyond modern concentrated granules, new formats such as injections and aerosols have been developed to meet different clinical needs, boost the formula's overall effectiveness, and make it easier and more convenient for patients to use.

As a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula, She Gan Ma Huang Tang holds significant value in clinical practice. Gaining a deeper understanding of its origins, ingredients, underlying mechanisms, effects, and applications allows us to better utilize its healing properties and provides strong support for clinical TCM practice. At the same time, modern research progress has laid a solid foundation for its further development and application. Moving forward, it is believed that this formula will play an even greater role in treating a wider range of conditions.

Safety Considerations

1. Precautions

Eat a light diet and avoid spicy, greasy, raw, or cold foods to ensure efficacy. Keep warm and avoid cold exposure to prevent worsening the condition. Monitor your response closely and seek medical care if any discomfort occurs.

2. Contraindications

Do not use if allergic to any ingredient. Pregnant women must use it with caution to protect fetal health. It is strictly prohibited for heat-pattern cough or asthma, as Shegan Mahuang Tang treats cold-fluid lung patterns and will worsen heat conditions.

Questions About She Gan Ma Huang Tang

Q1: What are the actions of She Gan Ma Huang Tang?
She Gan Ma Huang Tang has the actions of warming the Lungs, transforming Cold Phlegm (cold thin mucus/rheum), descending rebellious Qi, stopping cough, and calming wheezing. It is the classic Jin Gui Yao Lue formula for cold-phlegm stagnation in the Lungs with audible throat rattling.
Q2: Which modern diseases is She Gan Ma Huang Tang suited to?
Modern TCM clinical practice commonly applies it to individuals whose pattern differentiation falls within cold Phlegm or cold rheum stagnating in the Lungs, including bronchial asthma or cough-variant asthma of cold-phlegm type, chronic bronchitis with thin white sputum and throat rattle, and certain post-infectious or allergic respiratory conditions presenting with cold thin mucus and wheezing.
Q3: Is She Gan Ma Huang Tang suitable for improving cough and wheezing with a rattling sound in the throat and thin clear sputum?
For presentations of coughing and upward rebellion of Qi, wheezing, a gurgling or “water-chicken” (frog-like) sound in the throat, profuse thin clear or white sputum, chest fullness or oppression, a white slippery tongue coating, and a wiry-tight or floating-tight pulse — in those whose pattern differentiation confirms cold Phlegm/rheum stagnating in the Lungs — TCM commonly applies She Gan Ma Huang Tang as an adjunct. It cannot replace standard medical treatment of asthma or respiratory disease.
Q4: Who should not take She Gan Ma Huang Tang?
Those with Heat-type cough or asthma (yellow thick phlegm, thirst for cold drinks, red tongue with yellow coating), Yin-deficiency dry cough, or pure Lung Heat patterns are generally not suitable. Caution is required with Ma Huang in patients with hypertension, heart disease, or hyperthyroidism, and Xi Xin dosage must be carefully controlled. Use should be assessed by a qualified TCM physician.
Q5: Why are She Gan and Ma Huang used together as the key pair in this formula?
Ma Huang disseminates Lung Qi, releases the exterior, and calms wheezing from the outside. She Gan opens Phlegm obstruction in the throat, transforms Phlegm, and descends rebellious Qi from within. Together they address both the external Cold constraint and the internal cold-phlegm blockage that produce the characteristic throat rattle and wheezing.
Q6: Can She Gan Ma Huang Tang help when there is both residual exterior Cold and internal cold thin mucus?
Yes. The formula is designed for the pattern in which exterior Wind-Cold has stirred or combined with internal cold rheum, leading to Lung Qi rebellion, throat Phlegm sounds, and thin clear sputum. Warming and transforming herbs work together with Lung-diffusing and descending medicinals to resolve both aspects.
Q7: What are the main ingredients of She Gan Ma Huang Tang?
The classical formula includes She Gan (Belamcanda) and Ma Huang (Ephedra) as the chief pair to open the throat, transform Phlegm, disseminate the Lung, and calm wheezing; Sheng Jiang and Xi Xin to warm and disperse cold rheum; Zi Wan and Kuan Dong Hua to warm, moisten, and stop cough; Ban Xia to transform Phlegm and descend Qi; Wu Wei Zi to astringe the Lung and prevent excessive dispersal; and Da Zao to harmonize and support the Middle Burner.
Q8: Is She Gan Ma Huang Tang suitable for long-term use?
It is primarily an acute or short-course formula for active cold-phlegm wheezing and cough. Once the throat rattle, thin sputum, and acute wheezing improve, the formula should be stopped or modified. Prolonged use of its dispersing and warming herbs is not appropriate, especially given the presence of Ma Huang and Xi Xin.
Q9: How does She Gan Ma Huang Tang differ from Xiao Qing Long Tang or Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang?
Xiao Qing Long Tang is stronger for exterior Wind-Cold with internal water-rheum and more pronounced exterior signs. Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang is for Lung Heat wheezing with yellow phlegm and is cooling. She Gan Ma Huang Tang specifically targets cold Phlegm stagnating in the throat and Lungs with the characteristic gurgling sound, emphasizing Phlegm transformation and throat opening alongside warming and descending.
Q10: What lifestyle advice supports the use of She Gan Ma Huang Tang?
Keeping the chest and neck warm, avoiding cold drafts and cold foods or drinks, resting during acute episodes, and supporting overall Lung and Spleen function help the formula transform cold rheum and restore proper Qi descent. Professional medical evaluation of asthma or chronic respiratory symptoms remains essential.

General Questions

How do I choose the right formula?
TCM formulas are traditionally selected according to individual pattern differentiation rather than by symptom alone. If you're not sure which formula fits your presentation, take our AI Assessment below for a personalized starting point, then confirm with a qualified TCM practitioner.
What are concentrated herbal granules?
Concentrated herbal granules are made by decocting raw herbs, then extracting and concentrating the resulting liquid into a fine granule or powder form. This preserves the same active compounds as a traditional decoction while making the herbs far easier to store, measure, and prepare.
How should I take these products?
Dissolve the recommended amount of granules in hot water, stir until fully dissolved, and drink while warm — following the dosage and frequency advised by your TCM practitioner or as stated on the product packaging.
Are concentrated herbal granules equivalent to traditional decoctions?
Concentrated granules are produced from the same herbs and processed to retain their active compounds, so they are traditionally regarded as a convenient alternative to decoctions rather than a different remedy. Some practitioners note subtle differences in strength or absorption between the two forms, so your TCM practitioner may adjust dosage accordingly.
Are your products authentic?
Yes. HJMEDICAL sources its concentrated granules exclusively from established, reputable manufacturers such as Nong's and Hoi Tin, both long-standing names in the TCM granules industry, with GMP compliance stated directly on their packaging.
Are HJMEDICAL products manufactured under GMP standards?
HJMEDICAL sources its concentrated granules from established, reputable manufacturers such as Nong's and Hoi Tin, both long-standing names in the TCM granules industry. GMP compliance for these products is stated directly on their packaging.
Do you ship internationally?
Yes — we ship worldwide! Every order goes out via Hong Kong Post, and your exact shipping cost and estimated delivery time for your address are calculated and shown right at checkout, so there are never any surprises. We also offer free shipping once your order reaches our free-shipping threshold, so it's easy to stock up on your favorite formulas and save.
Can I take more than one formula at the same time?
Some formulas are traditionally combined, while others overlap or counteract each other. We recommend checking with a qualified TCM practitioner before combining formulas, especially if you are already taking other medication.
Are these products suitable during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Some TCM formulas are not suitable during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Please consult a qualified TCM practitioner or your doctor before use if you are pregnant, trying to conceive, or nursing.
Do these products replace medical treatment?
No. These products are traditional herbal supplements intended to support wellbeing according to TCM principles — they are not a replacement for professional medical diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a qualified TCM practitioner or licensed healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or combining any treatment, especially if you have a chronic condition.
Medical Disclaimer

For general TCM education only — not medical advice. Consult a qualified TCM practitioner or licensed healthcare provider before use, especially if pregnant, nursing, on medication, or managing a chronic condition.

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She Gan Ma Huang Tang: Classic TCM Formula for Cold Phlegm, Cough & Wheezing in the Throat