Fruits and seedsPhlegm-resolvingPerillae Fructus

Zi Su Zi (Perilla Fruit)

紫蘇子 · Zi Su Zi

Phlegm-resolving herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Traditional functions: Downbears qi, transforms phlegm, calms panting, moistens intestines.

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Quick Facts

Latin NamePerillae Fructus
Chinese Name & Pinyin紫蘇子 · Zi Su Zi
Medicinal PartFruits and seeds
Efficacy CategoryPhlegm-resolving
Botanical OriginThe dried mature fruit of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.(Lamiaceae)
Nature & FlavourAcrid; Warm
Channels EnteredLung, Large Intestine

What Is Zi Su Zi?

Zi Su Zi (Perilla Fruit) is a medicinal herb of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Primarily produced in the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan.

Nature & Flavour: Acrid; Warm
Channels Entered: Lung, Large Intestine

Zi Su Zi: Materia Medica Profile

Identification & Quality Standard

Perillae Fructus

Botanical Origin

The dried mature fruit of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.(Lamiaceae)

Production Regions

Primarily produced in the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan.

Quality Requirements

Superior medicinal material has even full body, grayish-brown color, oily.

Macroscopic Features

Oval or sub-spherical shape, about 1.5mm diameter. Externally grayish-brown, with slightly raised dark purple reticular lines, base is slightly pointed, with grayish-white spotted stem scars. Fruit skin is thin and brittle, easily crushed. Seed is yellowish-white, seed coat is membranous, 2 cotyledons, off-white, oily. When crushed, it has aromatic odor, slightly acrid taste.

Traditional TCM Properties

Acrid; WarmLungLarge Intestine

Traditional Functions

Downbears qi, transforms phlegm, calms panting, moistens intestines. Apply to adverse rising of qi due to stagnation of phlegm, dyspnea and cough, constipation induced by dryness of the intestine. Resolves exterior, disperse cold, moves qi, harmonizes stomach, apply to common cold of wind-cold, dyspnea and cough, hyperemesis gravidarum, threatened miscarriage, over indulgence of fish and crab.

How Zi Su Zi Is Used in TCM

In the Chinese materia medica, Zi Su Zi is classified among the Phlegm-resolving herbs. It appears in 4 classical formulas in our library.

Formulas containing Zi Su Zi are traditionally used for:

Asthma & WheezingChest TightnessPoor AppetiteCough

Classical Formulas Containing Zi Su Zi

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Zi Su Zi? Are Zi Su Ye, Su Geng and Bai Jie Zi the same?
Official Zi Su Zi (紫苏子) is the dried ripe fruit of Perilla frutescens. The pharmacopoeial name is Perillae Fructus. Zi Su Ye is acrid-warm: releases the exterior, disperses cold, moves qi and harmonizes the Stomach. Zi Su Geng is acrid-warm: regulates qi, eases the center, stops pain and calms the fetus. Bai Jie Zi is acrid-warm: warms the Lung, sweeps phlegm, moves qi, disperses nodules, frees the collaterals and stops pain. Write Zi Su Zi. Use caution in Spleen-vacuity loose stool.
What are the TCM properties and traditional uses of Zi Su Zi?
According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Zi Su Zi is acrid and warm, enters the Lung channel, and acts to direct qi downward, resolve phlegm, stop cough, calm panting, moisten the intestines and free the stool. It is used for phlegm obstruction with counterflow qi, cough and panting, and intestinal dryness with constipation. Acrid-warm and descending, it suits phlegm obstruction with counterflow and intestinal dryness—not Lung-vacuity cough, yin-vacuity panting, or Spleen-vacuity loose stool.
How do you choose raw versus dry-fried Zi Su Zi? Can Zi Su Ye replace it?
Raw fruit moistens the intestines more strongly. Dry-frying reduces the oil; directing qi downward and resolving phlegm remain, and it is relatively better when the stool tends to be loose. Crush it for decoction. Perilla leaf releases the exterior; it cannot replace directing qi downward and calming panting by equal weight. Commercial perilla-fruit tea is not equal-weight pieces.
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Learn More About Zi Su Zi

Explore our in-depth article covering the traditional uses, properties, functions, and TCM context of Zi Su Zi.

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Medical Disclaimer — This article is provided for educational purposes only and describes traditional Chinese medicine concepts. It is not medical advice, and it is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using any herb, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication or managing a diagnosed condition.

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