Roots and rhizomesOrifice-openingRhizoma Acori Tatarinowii

Shi Chang Pu (Grassleaf Sweetflag Rhizome)

石菖蒲 · Shi Chang Pu

Orifice-opening herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Traditional functions: Transforms dampness, opens stomach, opens orifices, sweeps phlegm, arouses spirit, sharpens mind.

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Quick Facts

Latin NameRhizoma Acori Tatarinowii
Chinese Name & Pinyin石菖蒲 · Shi Chang Pu
Medicinal PartRoots and rhizomes
Efficacy CategoryOrifice-opening
Botanical OriginThe dried rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott.(Araceae)
Nature & FlavourAcrid, Bitter; Warm
Channels EnteredHeart, Stomach

What Is Shi Chang Pu?

Shi Chang Pu (Grassleaf Sweetflag Rhizome) is a medicinal herb of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Primarily produced in the Chinese provinces of Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.

Nature & Flavour: Acrid, Bitter; Warm
Channels Entered: Heart, Stomach

Shi Chang Pu: Materia Medica Profile

Identification & Quality Standard

Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii

Botanical Origin

The dried rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott.(Araceae)

Production Regions

Primarily produced in the Chinese provinces of Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.

Quality Requirements

Superior medicinal material is thick, with off-white fractured surface, and potent aromatic odor.

Macroscopic Features

Flat cylindrical, slightly curved, often has branches, 3~20cm long, 0.3~1cm diameter. Externally brown, brownish-red or grayish-yellow, rough, often branched, internode is 2~8mm long; upper side has slightly triangular leaf scar, left and right alternating arrangment, lower side has spotted root scars, joint sometimes has remnants of hairy scale-like leaf bases. Hard and brittle texture, fractured surface is fibrous, off-white or slightly red; horizontal cut surface has obvious inner cortex ring, often can see “vein spots” and brown oil spots. Aromatic odor, bitter slightly acrid taste.

Traditional TCM Properties

Acrid, Bitter; WarmHeartStomach

Traditional Functions

Transforms dampness, opens stomach, opens orifices, sweeps phlegm, arouses spirit, sharpens mind. Apply to abdominal fullness and anorexia, aphasic diarrhea, coma epilepsy, amnesia and deafness.

How Shi Chang Pu Is Used in TCM

In the Chinese materia medica, Shi Chang Pu is classified among the Orifice-opening herbs. It appears in 4 classical formulas in our library.

Formulas containing Shi Chang Pu are traditionally used for:

Frequent UrinationEdemaFeverDamp-Heat ConstitutionPoor AppetiteInsomniaAnxiety RestlessnessPalpitationsFrequent Nocturia

Classical Formulas Containing Shi Chang Pu

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Shi Chang Pu? Are Shui Chang Pu, Jiu Jie Chang Pu and fresh Chang Pu the same?
Official Shi Chang Pu (石菖蒲) is the dried rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii. The pharmacopoeial name is Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma. Classics praised “nine nodes per inch,” but today’s Jiu Jie Chang Pu is the rhizome of Anemone altaica (Ranunculaceae)—toxic and not interchangeable. Shui Chang Pu is the rhizome of Acorus calamus: similar aroma, not the official article. Fresh Shi Chang Pu opens the orifices more strongly; the dose may be doubled. Volatile oil is best added late. Write Shi Chang Pu; do not dispense Jiu Jie Chang Pu.
What are the TCM properties and traditional uses of Shi Chang Pu?
According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Shi Chang Pu is acrid, bitter and warm, enters the Heart and Stomach channels, and acts to open the orifices and expel phlegm, awaken the spirit and benefit intelligence, and transform damp to open the Stomach. It is used for clouded spirit and epilepsy, forgetfulness and insomnia, tinnitus and deafness, epigastric glomus with no hunger, and lockjaw dysentery. Acrid-bitter-warm and aromatic, it suits phlegm-damp veiling the orifices and turbid damp obstructing the middle—not Yin vacuity with Yang hyperactivity, vexation with copious sweat, seminal slippage or coughing of blood.
How do you choose dried versus fresh? Should it be added late?
Routine decoction uses the dried rhizome, cut thick; clouded spirit with phlegm reversal may add the fresh herb or 1–3 g powder swallowed. Volatile oil disperses easily—add it in the last 5–10 minutes. Do not mix it with Jiu Jie Chang Pu or Shui Chang Pu.
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Learn More About Shi Chang Pu

Explore our in-depth article covering the traditional uses, properties, functions, and TCM context of Shi Chang Pu.

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Medical Disclaimer — This article is provided for educational purposes only and describes traditional Chinese medicine concepts. It is not medical advice, and it is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using any herb, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication or managing a diagnosed condition.

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