MineralsPurgativeNatrii Sulfas

Mang Xiao (Mirabilite / Glauber's Salt)

芒硝 · Mang Xiao

Purgative herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Traditional functions: Breaks distention, warms middle, digests food, drains water, moderates diarrhea.

In-Depth Guide

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Quick Facts

Latin NameNatrii Sulfas
Chinese Name & Pinyin芒硝 · Mang Xiao
Medicinal PartMinerals
Efficacy CategoryPurgative
Botanical OriginThe refined crystals made from mirabilite, primarily consisting of Na2SO4•10H2O.
Nature & FlavourSalty, Bitter; Cold
Channels EnteredStomach, Large Intestine

What Is Mang Xiao?

Mang Xiao (Mirabilite / Glauber's Salt) is a medicinal herb of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Produced in most areas of China.

Nature & Flavour: Salty, Bitter; Cold
Channels Entered: Stomach, Large Intestine

Mang Xiao: Materia Medica Profile

Identification & Quality Standard

Natrii Sulfas

Botanical Origin

The refined crystals made from mirabilite, primarily consisting of Na2SO4•10H2O.

Production Regions

Produced in most areas of China.

Quality Requirements

Superior medicinal material has crystal lumps, colorless translucent color.

Macroscopic Features

Single crystal system, crystal is short cylindrical or needle-like; often in dense lumps or fiber-like clusters. Colorless or white, glass-like and lustrous, intact surface cleavage, 1.5~2 mohs hardness, density 1.48. Tastes clear and cool, slightly bitter and salty, very easily becomes liquid after absorbing moisture; in dry air, it gradually loses water to become anhydrous mang xiao. Ridged-cylindrical, rectangular or irregular lumps and granules. Colorless translucent or off-white translucent. Brittle texture, easily crushed, fractured surface is spotted and lustrous. faint odor, salty taste.

Traditional TCM Properties

Salty, Bitter; ColdStomachLarge Intestine

Traditional Functions

Breaks distention, warms middle, digests food, drains water, moderates diarrhea. Apply to abdominal fullness, food retention, indigestion, edema, mammary swelling, amenorrhea, constipation.

How Mang Xiao Is Used in TCM

In the Chinese materia medica, Mang Xiao is classified among the Purgative herbs. It appears in 6 classical formulas in our library.

Formulas containing Mang Xiao are traditionally used for:

ConstipationAbdominal PainFeverDry Mouth & ThroatBlood Stasis ConstitutionIrregular MenstruationDysmenorrheaBloatingAnxiety RestlessnessSore ThroatHeadache

Classical Formulas Containing Mang Xiao

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Mang Xiao? Are Pu Xiao, Pi Xiao and Xuan Ming Fen the same?
Official Mang Xiao (芒硝) is refined sulfate mineral crystals, mainly sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4·10H2O). The pharmacopoeial name is Natrii Sulfas. Pu Xiao / Pi Xiao hold more impurities and are mostly external, not for internal use. Xuan Ming Fen (weathered nitre) is anhydrous sodium sulfate from weathering Mang Xiao—gentler, 3–9 g internally, also used on mucosa. Do not swap in industrial thenardite or saltpeter (potassium nitrate). Write Mang Xiao or Xuan Ming Fen, dissolve it, and do not boil it long.
What are the TCM properties and traditional uses of Mang Xiao?
According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Mang Xiao is salty, bitter and cold, enters the Stomach and Large Intestine channels, and acts to drain downward and unblock the bowels, moisten dryness and soften hardness, and clear fire to reduce swelling. It is used for excess-heat accumulation, dry bound stool and abdominal fullness with distending pain; externally for swollen painful throat, mouth sores, red eyes, abscesses, erysipelas, breast carbuncle and swollen hemorrhoids. Salty-cold softening—suited to dry stool with heat bind, not to Spleen-Stomach deficient cold or patterns without excess-heat dry bind.
Why dissolve Mang Xiao rather than decoct it? How do you choose Xuan Ming Fen?
Long boiling decomposes sodium sulfate and irritates the gut; the pharmacopoeia requires it to be dissolved into the finished decoction, not cooked with the other herbs. Excess-heat dry bind uses 6–12 g Mang Xiao; upper-jiao heat swelling, mucosal use or a gentler force uses Xuan Ming Fen. Breast carbuncle and swollen hemorrhoids may be packed with Pu Xiao or Mang Xiao. Store sealed below 30 °C so it does not weather to powder.
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Learn More About Mang Xiao

Explore our in-depth article covering the traditional uses, properties, functions, and TCM context of Mang Xiao.

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Medical Disclaimer — This article is provided for educational purposes only and describes traditional Chinese medicine concepts. It is not medical advice, and it is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using any herb, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication or managing a diagnosed condition.

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