MineralsHeat-clearingGypsum Fibrosum

Shi Gao (Gypsum)

石膏 · Shi Gao

Heat-clearing herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Traditional functions: Clears heat, drains fire, eliminates vexation, relieves thirst.

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Quick Facts

Latin NameGypsum Fibrosum
Chinese Name & Pinyin石膏 · Shi Gao
Medicinal PartMinerals
Efficacy CategoryHeat-clearing
Botanical OriginThe mineral gypsum, which is primarily composed of CaSO4•2H2O. After harvested, remove the foreign stones and sands.
Nature & FlavourSweet, Acrid; Very cold
Channels EnteredLung, Stomach

What Is Shi Gao?

Shi Gao (Gypsum) is a medicinal herb of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Primarily produced in mines in the Chinese provinces of Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Jilin, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangxi, Shanxi, Ningxia.

Nature & Flavour: Sweet, Acrid; Very cold
Channels Entered: Lung, Stomach

Shi Gao: Materia Medica Profile

Identification & Quality Standard

Gypsum Fibrosum

Botanical Origin

The mineral gypsum, which is primarily composed of CaSO4•2H2O. After harvested, remove the foreign stones and sands.

Production Regions

Primarily produced in mines in the Chinese provinces of Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Jilin, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangxi, Shanxi, Ningxia.

Quality Requirements

Superior medicinal material is white, heavy, soft, with silk-like lustrous longitudinal fractured surface.

Macroscopic Features

Fibrous aggregate lumps, long lump-like, flake-like, or irregular lumps. White, grayish-white or pale yellow, sometimes translucent. Heavy in weight, soft texture, longitudinal fractured surface is silk-like and lustrous. faint odor, tasteless.

Traditional TCM Properties

Sweet, Acrid; Very coldLungStomach

Traditional Functions

Clears heat, drains fire, eliminates vexation, relieves thirst. Apply to exterior heat diseases, vexation with high fever, cough and panting due to lung heat, excessive stomach fire, headache, toothache.

How Shi Gao Is Used in TCM

In the Chinese materia medica, Shi Gao is classified among the Heat-clearing herbs. It appears in 15 classical formulas in our library.

Formulas containing Shi Gao are traditionally used for:

Dry Mouth & ThroatHeadacheConstipationFeverSpontaneous SweatingDry CoughSore ThroatNauseaFatigue & Low EnergyEdemaCoughAsthma & Wheezing

Classical Formulas Containing Shi Gao

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Shi Gao? Are Sheng Shi Gao, Duan Shi Gao and Han Shui Shi the same?
Official Shi Gao (石膏) is the sulfate mineral gypsum, mainly hydrated calcium sulfate. The pharmacopoeial name is Gypsum Fibrosum. Sheng Shi Gao is crushed and decocted first: clears heat, drains fire, eliminates vexation and stops thirst. Duan Shi Gao is calcined until friable: constrains damp, generates flesh, closes sores and stops bleed—mostly external. Han Shui Shi is another mineral (red gypsum or calcite type): similar heat-clearing, not the same article. Write Sheng Shi Gao or Duan Shi Gao; do not give the calcined form internally.
What are the TCM properties and traditional uses of Shi Gao?
According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, raw gypsum is sweet, acrid and very cold, enters the Lung and Stomach channels, and acts to clear heat and drain fire, eliminate vexation and stop thirst. It is used for externally contracted heat disease, high fever with vexing thirst, Lung-heat wheezing cough, exuberant Stomach fire, headache and toothache. Calcined gypsum constrains damp, generates flesh, closes sores and stops bleed for unhealing ulcers, eczema, burns and traumatic bleeding. Very cold, it clears qi-aspect excess heat—suited to Yangming vigorous heat, not to Spleen-Stomach deficient cold or Blood-vacuity and Yin-vacuity fever.
How do you choose raw versus calcined gypsum? Must it be decocted first?
High fever with vexing thirst, Lung-heat wheezing cough and Stomach-fire toothache use Sheng Shi Gao, crushed and decocted first. Sores, eczema and burns use Duan Shi Gao powder externally—generally not swallowed. Being heavy and poorly soluble, it lacks force if not pre-decocted. Do not mix raw and calcined.
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Learn More About Shi Gao

Explore our in-depth article covering the traditional uses, properties, functions, and TCM context of Shi Gao.

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Medical Disclaimer — This article is provided for educational purposes only and describes traditional Chinese medicine concepts. It is not medical advice, and it is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using any herb, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication or managing a diagnosed condition.

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