Roots and rhizomesExterior-releasingRadix Angelicae Dahuricae

Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica Root)

白芷 · Bai Zhi

Exterior-releasing herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Traditional functions: Removing rheumatism, activate blood, clearing pus, engendering skin, relieving pain.

In-Depth Guide

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Quick Facts

Latin NameRadix Angelicae Dahuricae
Chinese Name & Pinyin白芷 · Bai Zhi
Medicinal PartRoots and rhizomes
Efficacy CategoryExterior-releasing
Botanical OriginThe dried root of Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. f. var. formosana (Boiss.) Shan et Yuan. (Apiaceae).
Nature & FlavourAcrid; Warm
Channels EnteredLung, Stomach, Large Intestine

What Is Bai Zhi?

Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica Root) is a medicinal herb of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Primarily produced in Chinese provinces of Zhejiang, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning.

Nature & Flavour: Acrid; Warm
Channels Entered: Lung, Stomach, Large Intestine

Bai Zhi: Materia Medica Profile

Identification & Quality Standard

Radix Angelicae Dahuricae

Botanical Origin

The dried root of Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. f. var. formosana (Boiss.) Shan et Yuan. (Apiaceae).

Production Regions

Primarily produced in Chinese provinces of Zhejiang, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning.

Quality Requirements

Superior medicinal material is thick and strong, hard, white, powery, and potently aromatic.

Macroscopic Features

Semi-conical shape, 10~20cm long, 2~2.5cm diameter. Externally grayish-brown with raised horizontal lenticels, and concave stem scars on the apex. Hard texture, white fractured surface; powdery; cortex has many scattered brown oil spots. Aromatic odor; taste acrid and slightly bitter.

Traditional TCM Properties

Acrid; WarmLungStomachLarge Intestine

Traditional Functions

Removing rheumatism, activate blood, clearing pus, engendering skin, relieving pain. Apply to headache, toothache, persistent turbid nasal discharge, anal fistula due to intestine wind, red and white leucorrhea, ulcer and sore, skin itch.

How Bai Zhi Is Used in TCM

In the Chinese materia medica, Bai Zhi is classified among the Exterior-releasing herbs. It appears in 16 classical formulas in our library.

Formulas containing Bai Zhi are traditionally used for:

FeverSore ThroatNasal CongestionHeadacheAllergic RhinitisCold LimbsBloatingDiarrheaStomach DiscomfortPoor AppetiteNauseaMuscular Stiffness

Classical Formulas Containing Bai Zhi

+8 more

Herbs Commonly Combined with Bai Zhi

Bei MuFang FengChi ShaoDang GuiGan CaoZao Jiao CiTian Hua FenRu XiangMo YaoJin Yin HuaChen PiXin Yi

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Bai Zhi? Are Dang Gui, Qiang Huo and Cang Er Zi the same?
Official Bai Zhi (白芷) is the dried root of Angelica dahurica or Hang Bai Zhi. The pharmacopoeial name is Angelicae Dahuricae Radix. Acrid-warm and aromatic, it travels the Yangming and stops pain while opening the nose. Dang Gui is sweet-acrid-warm: tonifies and invigorates Blood, regulates menses and stops pain. Qiang Huo is acrid-bitter-warm: releases the exterior, disperses cold, expels wind and overcomes damp—Taiyang headache. Cang Er Zi is acrid-bitter-warm: disperses wind-cold, opens the nasal orifices and expels wind-damp. Write Bai Zhi or Hang Bai Zhi. Kitchen “Bai Zhi stewed chicken” is not the medicinal dose. Forbid in Yin vacuity with Blood heat.
What are the TCM properties and traditional uses of Bai Zhi?
According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Bai Zhi is acrid and warm, enters the Stomach, Large Intestine and Lung channels, and acts to release the exterior and disperse cold, expel wind and stop pain, open the nasal orifices, dry damp and stop vaginal discharge, disperse swelling and expel pus. It is used for common-cold headache, supraorbital pain, nasal congestion with runny nose, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, toothache, vaginal discharge and sores with swelling and pain. Acrid-aromatic and warm-drying, it suits wind-cold-damp and Yangming headache—not Yin-vacuity Blood heat or Yin-vacuity yang-ascent headache.
Does Bai Zhi need processing? How does it differ from Cang Er Zi and Xin Yi?
The pharmacopoeia mainly uses raw slices in decoction or powdered externally. Frontal and supraorbital pain, Yangming headache, toothache and cold-damp discharge more often use Bai Zhi. Sinusitis with congestion often joins Xanthium and Magnolia flower in Cang Er Zi San. Early sores may be taken internally and applied. It contains coumarins; do not use large amounts long. Use caution if you are photosensitve.
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Learn More About Bai Zhi

Explore our in-depth article covering the traditional uses, properties, functions, and TCM context of Bai Zhi.

Read the Bai Zhi Guide →

Medical Disclaimer — This article is provided for educational purposes only and describes traditional Chinese medicine concepts. It is not medical advice, and it is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using any herb, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication or managing a diagnosed condition.

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